CLAIMBOUND / SOURCE-PUBLICATION EVIDENCE
Academic publishing
Every card identifies what it proves, what it does not prove, its exact quote, locator, source hash, and local rerun command.
1. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 12
Narrow public claim
We can identify three basic modes for all kinds of human communication: one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to many (see Inger & Gardner, 2013 for a more extensive treatment of these arguments).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 12- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
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python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t01_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
We can identify three basic modes for all kinds of human communication: one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to many (see Inger & Gardner, 2013 for a more extensive treatment of these arguments).
2. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 17
Narrow public claim
The CrossRef organisation introduced the CrossMark service in April 2012 to identify (among other things) the version of record (Meyer 2011).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 17- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t01_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
The CrossRef organisation introduced the CrossMark service in April 2012 to identify (among other things) the version of record (Meyer 2011).
3. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 18
Narrow public claim
In 2018 there are calls for a revision of the convention about what constitutes the first published version, with online papers often preceding the official issue dates by months if not years (Keller and Prusiner 2018).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 18- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t01_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
In 2018 there are calls for a revision of the convention about what constitutes the first published version, with online papers often preceding the official issue dates by months if not years (Keller and Prusiner 2018).
4. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 18
Narrow public claim
Individual article sales are growing in popularity (albeit from a very small base), with the proportion of publishers offering them increasing from 65% in 2003 to 83% in 2012 (Inger & Gardner, 2013), and related models such as article rental and article packs becoming more common.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 18- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t01_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
Individual article sales are growing in popularity (albeit from a very small base), with the proportion of publishers offering them increasing from 65% in 2003 to 83% in 2012 (Inger & Gardner, 2013), and related models such as article rental and article packs becoming more common.
5. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 19
Narrow public claim
A decade ago, Cox & Cox (2008) found that nearly all (95%) of large and most (75%) of medium publishers offered bundles of content, though this dropped (for obvious reasons) to 40% of small publishers.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 19- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t01_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
A decade ago, Cox & Cox (2008) found that nearly all (95%) of large and most (75%) of medium publishers offered bundles of content, though this dropped (for obvious reasons) to 40% of small publishers.
6. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 19
Narrow public claim
A key issue for libraries is whether the publisher’s licence term for bundles allows cancellations; Cox and Cox (2008) found that only 40% of publishers allowed cancellations, with commercial publishers interestingly being much more likely to permit cancellations than not-for-profits (46% vs 24%).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 19- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t01_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
A key issue for libraries is whether the publisher’s licence term for bundles allows cancellations; Cox and Cox (2008) found that only 40% of publishers allowed cancellations, with commercial publishers interestingly being much more likely to permit cancellations than not-for-profits (46% vs 24%).
7. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 20
Narrow public claim
The numbers of consortia have been growing strongly: the Ringgold Consortia Directory Online5 lists over 500 consortia in 126 countries, representing over 32,000 individual institutions6; of these, about 350 are responsible for licensing content.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 20- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t01_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
The numbers of consortia have been growing strongly: the Ringgold Consortia Directory Online5 lists over 500 consortia in 126 countries, representing over 32,000 individual institutions6; of these, about 350 are responsible for licensing content.
8. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 20
Narrow public claim
Consortia deals were typically (60%) for a 3-year period, with 30% on a 1-year and 10% on a 2-year basis, with price caps offered by only about half of publishers.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 20- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t01_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
Consortia deals were typically (60%) for a 3-year period, with 30% on a 1-year and 10% on a 2-year basis, with price caps offered by only about half of publishers.
9. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 21
Narrow public claim
Publishers work with systems vendors on supply chain standards such as ONIX for Serials10 and KBART (Knowledge Bases And Related Tools).11 Uniquely identifying institutions is important for publishers: the Identify service from Ringgold12 is the leading commercial service here, with a database of some 500,000 institutions and consortia.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 21- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t01_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
Publishers work with systems vendors on supply chain standards such as ONIX for Serials10 and KBART (Knowledge Bases And Related Tools).11 Uniquely identifying institutions is important for publishers: the Identify service from Ringgold12 is the leading commercial service here, with a database of some 500,000 institutions and consortia.
10. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 21
Narrow public claim
Tests conducted by libraries have typically shown that use of discovery services increases patron satisfaction and increases use of subscribed-to library content (Somerville & Conrad, 2014; Outsell 2014e; Levine-Clark, McDonald, & Price, 2014).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 21- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t01_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
Tests conducted by libraries have typically shown that use of discovery services increases patron satisfaction and increases use of subscribed-to library content (Somerville & Conrad, 2014; Outsell 2014e; Levine-Clark, McDonald, & Price, 2014).
11. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 22
Narrow public claim
The medical information market is predicted to grow at 4.6% annually through 2021, with scientific and technical growing at a slower rate of 2.9%.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 22- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t02_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
The medical information market is predicted to grow at 4.6% annually through 2021, with scientific and technical growing at a slower rate of 2.9%.
12. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 22
Narrow public claim
Market analysts Simba have estimated the scientific and technical publishing and medical publishing markets at $9.9 billion each, equating to a total STM market of $19.8 billion.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 22- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t02_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
Market analysts Simba have estimated the scientific and technical publishing and medical publishing markets at $9.9 billion each, equating to a total STM market of $19.8 billion.
13. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 23
Narrow public claim
OC&C also report a shift in academic library spending from print books (which have seen a decline at -4.1% from to 2016) to eBooks (CAGR of 6% from 2013 to 2016).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 23- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t02_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
OC&C also report a shift in academic library spending from print books (which have seen a decline at -4.1% from to 2016) to eBooks (CAGR of 6% from 2013 to 2016).
14. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 24
Narrow public claim
The Charlotte Initiative in its deliberations and documentation provides the arguments involved.21 One basic assumption is that ebooks are likely to become gradually more important both for libraries and for end users.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 24- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t02_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
The Charlotte Initiative in its deliberations and documentation provides the arguments involved.21 One basic assumption is that ebooks are likely to become gradually more important both for libraries and for end users.
15. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 24
Narrow public claim
Patron Driven Acquisition (PDA), also called Demand Driven Acquisition (DDA), is increasingly favoured, with librarians concerned to avoid another “Big Deal”, where most of the usage goes to only a small number of the titles licensed (Unsworth 2017).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 24- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t02_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
Patron Driven Acquisition (PDA), also called Demand Driven Acquisition (DDA), is increasingly favoured, with librarians concerned to avoid another “Big Deal”, where most of the usage goes to only a small number of the titles licensed (Unsworth 2017).
16. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 25
Narrow public claim
These hybrids are sold to both individuals and institutions, have high circulation and significant Ulrich’s Web Directory listed 33,119 active scholarly peer-reviewed English-language journals as at August 2018.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 25- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t02_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
These hybrids are sold to both individuals and institutions, have high circulation and significant Ulrich’s Web Directory listed 33,119 active scholarly peer-reviewed English-language journals as at August 2018.
17. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 26
Narrow public claim
An important subset is the 11,655 journals from over 2,500 publishers included in Clarivate Analytics’ (2018) Journal Citation Reports (JCR): these collectively publish 2.2 million articles, reviews, and other source items annually.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 26- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t02_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
An important subset is the 11,655 journals from over 2,500 publishers included in Clarivate Analytics’ (2018) Journal Citation Reports (JCR): these collectively publish 2.2 million articles, reviews, and other source items annually.
18. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 28
Narrow public claim
The 2013 ALPSP report (Inger & Gardner) gave similar numbers to 2008, suggesting that the market had reached near saturation in terms of online availability, with the large majority of publishers having over 90% of their content available online.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 28- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t02_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
The 2013 ALPSP report (Inger & Gardner) gave similar numbers to 2008, suggesting that the market had reached near saturation in terms of online availability, with the large majority of publishers having over 90% of their content available online.
19. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 29
Narrow public claim
The 2008/09 recession had a chilling effect on global R&D expenditures however: the annual growth for OECD countries for 2008–2012 was just half that for 2001–2008 (OECD 2014).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 29- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t02_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
The 2008/09 recession had a chilling effect on global R&D expenditures however: the annual growth for OECD countries for 2008–2012 was just half that for 2001–2008 (OECD 2014).
20. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 29
Narrow public claim
Recent years have seen a return to growth, and government budget allocations for R&D increased (in real terms) by 2.5% in 2016 (OECD 2018b).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 29- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
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Recent years have seen a return to growth, and government budget allocations for R&D increased (in real terms) by 2.5% in 2016 (OECD 2018b).
21. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 30
Narrow public claim
Other East and South East Asian economies have also seen rapid growth, with the notable exception of Japan, which saw its total R&D expenditure fall by 3.3% in 2016 (OECD, 2018b).
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 30- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
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Other East and South East Asian economies have also seen rapid growth, with the notable exception of Japan, which saw its total R&D expenditure fall by 3.3% in 2016 (OECD, 2018b).
22. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 31
Narrow public claim
The majority of R&D expenditure is funded by industry: about 62% in the US, 48% in the UK, 66% in Germany and between 75% and 78% in China, South Korea and Japan.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 31- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
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The majority of R&D expenditure is funded by industry: about 62% in the US, 48% in the UK, 66% in Germany and between 75% and 78% in China, South Korea and Japan.
23. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 32
Narrow public claim
The latest available OECD statistics report 7.1 million full-time equivalent researchers for 2015, covering the OECD plus some key non-OECD countries (e.g.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 32- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
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The latest available OECD statistics report 7.1 million full-time equivalent researchers for 2015, covering the OECD plus some key non-OECD countries (e.g.
24. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 32
Narrow public claim
This was an increase of 2.5% on 2014, but below the long-term average annual growth rate between 2000 and 2014 of 3.2% (OECD n.d.).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 32- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
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This was an increase of 2.5% on 2014, but below the long-term average annual growth rate between 2000 and 2014 of 3.2% (OECD n.d.).
25. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 33
Narrow public claim
Priority projects for its 13th five-year plan, covering the period 2016-2020, include quantum communications and computation, brain research, cybersecurity, robotics, genetics, big data applications and new Arctic and Antarctic research stations.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 33- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
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Priority projects for its 13th five-year plan, covering the period 2016-2020, include quantum communications and computation, brain research, cybersecurity, robotics, genetics, big data applications and new Arctic and Antarctic research stations.
26. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 34
Narrow public claim
The benefits of international collaboration for research are widely recognised (Adams, 2013), with university league tables adopting levels of internationalisation as a key indication.37 According to Elsevier, in a global research world, the 1950s idea of a “brain drain” should be replaced by the more nuanced concept of “brain circulation”.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 34- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
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The benefits of international collaboration for research are widely recognised (Adams, 2013), with university league tables adopting levels of internationalisation as a key indication.37 According to Elsevier, in a global research world, the 1950s idea of a “brain drain” should be replaced by the more nuanced concept of “brain circulation”.
27. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 34
Narrow public claim
In this view, the skills and networks built by researchers while abroad accrue benefits to their home country’s research base when they eventually return, and often even if they do not return but remain instead as a diaspora (Albanese 2009).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 34- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
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In this view, the skills and networks built by researchers while abroad accrue benefits to their home country’s research base when they eventually return, and often even if they do not return but remain instead as a diaspora (Albanese 2009).
28. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 35
Narrow public claim
Comparable data on the diversity of the scientific workforce within different countries and region is scarce (NSB, 2018).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 35- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
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Comparable data on the diversity of the scientific workforce within different countries and region is scarce (NSB, 2018).
29. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 35
Narrow public claim
UNESCO (2015) estimates that only 28% of researchers around the globe are women, though an Elsevier (2017b) study found that more than 40% of researchers were female in nine of twelve (predominantly Western) countries and regions analysed.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 35- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
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UNESCO (2015) estimates that only 28% of researchers around the globe are women, though an Elsevier (2017b) study found that more than 40% of researchers were female in nine of twelve (predominantly Western) countries and regions analysed.
30. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 36
Narrow public claim
A more recent trend has been the increase in papers with more than 50 authors, and even with more than 1000 authors (“hyperauthorship”), driven largely by international high-energy physics collaborations.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 36- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
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Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
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A more recent trend has been the increase in papers with more than 50 authors, and even with more than 1000 authors (“hyperauthorship”), driven largely by international high-energy physics collaborations.
31. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 37
Narrow public claim
The UK, France and Germany all have high levels of international coauthorship at around 50% of papers, and most major research-producing nations have seen an increase in levels of international collaboration in recent years.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 37- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
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The UK, France and Germany all have high levels of international coauthorship at around 50% of papers, and most major research-producing nations have seen an increase in levels of international collaboration in recent years.
32. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 38
Narrow public claim
The global number of active researchers varies by definition used but is estimated to be between 6.5 and 7.8 million (see Numbers of researchers).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 38- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
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The global number of active researchers varies by definition used but is estimated to be between 6.5 and 7.8 million (see Numbers of researchers).
33. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 38
Narrow public claim
For example, Plume & van Weijen (2014) reported that 2.4 million articles were published in by a total of 4.16 million unique authors.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 38- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
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Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
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For example, Plume & van Weijen (2014) reported that 2.4 million articles were published in by a total of 4.16 million unique authors.
34. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 40
Narrow public claim
There are estimated to be of the order of 10,000 journal publishers globally: Crossref has over 10,500 membership organisations, publishing over 60,000 journals,40 while the Scopus database covers 22,000 journals from over 5,000 publishers.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 40- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
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There are estimated to be of the order of 10,000 journal publishers globally: Crossref has over 10,500 membership organisations, publishing over 60,000 journals,40 while the Scopus database covers 22,000 journals from over 5,000 publishers.
35. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 43
Narrow public claim
The Europa World of Learning lists over 5,000 learned societies globally,41 and a list of societies by country can be found online – albeit incomplete.42 These organisations are often a key part of the national research environment.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 43- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t04_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
The Europa World of Learning lists over 5,000 learned societies globally,41 and a list of societies by country can be found online – albeit incomplete.42 These organisations are often a key part of the national research environment.
36. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 44
Narrow public claim
On the other hand, a journal’s association with an established society is of only minor importance at best to authors in choosing a journal to publish in (Nature Publishing Group 2014).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 44- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t04_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
On the other hand, a journal’s association with an established society is of only minor importance at best to authors in choosing a journal to publish in (Nature Publishing Group 2014).
37. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 44
Narrow public claim
Recently, a group of prestigious not-for-profit scientific membership societies launched the Scientific Society Publisher Alliance (SSPA),45 an initiative focused on building awareness of and support for publication of scientific research by scientist-run scientific societies.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 44- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
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Recently, a group of prestigious not-for-profit scientific membership societies launched the Scientific Society Publisher Alliance (SSPA),45 an initiative focused on building awareness of and support for publication of scientific research by scientist-run scientific societies.
38. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 45
Narrow public claim
A 2011 ARL report highlighted the potential but described the field as evolutionary with many of the programmes being exploratory (Ivins & Luther, 2011).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 45- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t04_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
A 2011 ARL report highlighted the potential but described the field as evolutionary with many of the programmes being exploratory (Ivins & Luther, 2011).
39. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 45
Narrow public claim
For example, Open Journal Systems hosts many thousands of journals and bepress around 700 journals, many of which may be library-published.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 45- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t04_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
For example, Open Journal Systems hosts many thousands of journals and bepress around 700 journals, many of which may be library-published.
40. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 46
Narrow public claim
In 2018 the most-used platform on the list, Open Journal Systems, is used by 44% of responding programs, surpassing bepress’s proprietary Digital Commons platform (41%).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 46- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t04_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
In 2018 the most-used platform on the list, Open Journal Systems, is used by 44% of responding programs, surpassing bepress’s proprietary Digital Commons platform (41%).
41. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 46
Narrow public claim
Meanwhile, 45% of women and 67% of those who identify as black or mixed/multiple race do not feel that they have equal access to opportunities for promotion, compared to 36% of men and 45% of those who identify as white.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 46- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
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Meanwhile, 45% of women and 67% of those who identify as black or mixed/multiple race do not feel that they have equal access to opportunities for promotion, compared to 36% of men and 45% of those who identify as white.
42. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 47
Narrow public claim
The Blue Book of China’s STM Journal’s Development (CAST 2017) lists 5,020 Chinese journals, of which 548 (10.9%) are English language.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 47- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
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The Blue Book of China’s STM Journal’s Development (CAST 2017) lists 5,020 Chinese journals, of which 548 (10.9%) are English language.
43. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 47
Narrow public claim
Roughly half of the latter are jointly published by Chinese institutes and foreign publishers, with SpringerNature having the largest share, followed by Elsevier and Wiley (Xu et al 2018).
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 47- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
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Roughly half of the latter are jointly published by Chinese institutes and foreign publishers, with SpringerNature having the largest share, followed by Elsevier and Wiley (Xu et al 2018).
44. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 48
Narrow public claim
Online submission systems are now the norm: Inger & Gardner (2013) reported that only 5% of publishers were without peer review systems (sharply down from 35% in a previous 2008 survey).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 48- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
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Online submission systems are now the norm: Inger & Gardner (2013) reported that only 5% of publishers were without peer review systems (sharply down from 35% in a previous 2008 survey).
45. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 49
Narrow public claim
Even for this limited purpose, however, there are some doubts (Jefferson, Rudin, Brodney Folse, & Davidoff, 2007) as to peer review’s effectiveness.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 49- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
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Even for this limited purpose, however, there are some doubts (Jefferson, Rudin, Brodney Folse, & Davidoff, 2007) as to peer review’s effectiveness.
46. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 49
Narrow public claim
There is strong debate about the usefulness (or the reverse) of the perceived hierarchies of journals in different fields and the effectiveness of filtering research findings in this way; but it remains widely accepted by researchers and administrators (Tenopir 2010; Ware 2011).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 49- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
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Repeat this exact check locally
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There is strong debate about the usefulness (or the reverse) of the perceived hierarchies of journals in different fields and the effectiveness of filtering research findings in this way; but it remains widely accepted by researchers and administrators (Tenopir 2010; Ware 2011).
47. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 50
Narrow public claim
In similar vein, the medical editor of BioMed Central called for a “kitemark” to identify research papers that have been peer reviewed by people with the necessary skills (Patel 2014).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 50- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
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Repeat this exact check locally
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In similar vein, the medical editor of BioMed Central called for a “kitemark” to identify research papers that have been peer reviewed by people with the necessary skills (Patel 2014).
48. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 50
Narrow public claim
Studies have suggested (Fang et al, 2012) that high-status journals are no better than lower status ones in detecting flawed findings.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 50- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
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Studies have suggested (Fang et al, 2012) that high-status journals are no better than lower status ones in detecting flawed findings.
49. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 51
Narrow public claim
Surveys suggest mixed views about this approach, with the most recent Publons survey (2018) suggesting that revealing their identities would make 42% of potential reviewers less likely to accept an invitation to review.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 51- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
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Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
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Surveys suggest mixed views about this approach, with the most recent Publons survey (2018) suggesting that revealing their identities would make 42% of potential reviewers less likely to accept an invitation to review.
50. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 51
Narrow public claim
In August 2018 two biomedical funders — the UK Wellcome Trust and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) in Maryland — and ASAPbio, a non-profit organization that encourages innovation in life-sciences publishing, issued an open letter calling for the open publication of reviewers' reports (Polka et al, 2018).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 51- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
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In August 2018 two biomedical funders — the UK Wellcome Trust and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) in Maryland — and ASAPbio, a non-profit organization that encourages innovation in life-sciences publishing, issued an open letter calling for the open publication of reviewers' reports (Polka et al, 2018).
51. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 52
Narrow public claim
Nevertheless, recent years have seen a growth in support for greater transparency: the PRC survey found that 50–70% of researchers are supportive of, or prepared to accept, open review.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 52- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
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Nevertheless, recent years have seen a growth in support for greater transparency: the PRC survey found that 50–70% of researchers are supportive of, or prepared to accept, open review.
52. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 52
Narrow public claim
This fell to 35–55% if openness included publishing signed reviews alongside the paper; and as we have noted, the most open options serve as a disincentive for many researchers to accept invitations to review (Publons 2018).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 52- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
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Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
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This fell to 35–55% if openness included publishing signed reviews alongside the paper; and as we have noted, the most open options serve as a disincentive for many researchers to accept invitations to review (Publons 2018).
53. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 53
Narrow public claim
A more radical version of the cascade review discussed above is offered by a number of peer review services established in recent years, including Rubriq,57 editage,58 and Peerage of Science.59 It is not clear how widespread the demand for such services might be, either from authors or publishers, and Davis (2017) has questioned the commercial prospects for such services.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 53- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
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python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t06_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
A more radical version of the cascade review discussed above is offered by a number of peer review services established in recent years, including Rubriq,57 editage,58 and Peerage of Science.59 It is not clear how widespread the demand for such services might be, either from authors or publishers, and Davis (2017) has questioned the commercial prospects for such services.
54. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 53
Narrow public claim
A 2014 Nature article detailed how some authors had set up fraudulent accounts on online peer systems for both fictitious and actual researchers using multiple generic email addresses (e.g.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 53- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t06_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
A 2014 Nature article detailed how some authors had set up fraudulent accounts on online peer systems for both fictitious and actual researchers using multiple generic email addresses (e.g.
55. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 54
Narrow public claim
By contrast researchers in China provide 8.8% of reviews, while being responsible for a substantially-higher proportion (23.8%) of published articles.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 54- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
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Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
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By contrast researchers in China provide 8.8% of reviews, while being responsible for a substantially-higher proportion (23.8%) of published articles.
56. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 54
Narrow public claim
In broad terms, researchers in western Europe, North America, Australia and Japan together provide more than two-thirds (68.1%) of all reviews.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 54- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
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In broad terms, researchers in western Europe, North America, Australia and Japan together provide more than two-thirds (68.1%) of all reviews.
57. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 56
Narrow public claim
It also offers peer review training courses and awards for researchers and (as of July 2018) a reviewer search and matchmaking tool for journal.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 56- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
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Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
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It also offers peer review training courses and awards for researchers and (as of July 2018) a reviewer search and matchmaking tool for journal.
58. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 56
Narrow public claim
In a second phase a "reviewer recognition platform" (RRP) was developed, which now covers some 2,000 Elsevier journals, with around 800,000 reviewer profiles.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 56- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
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In a second phase a "reviewer recognition platform" (RRP) was developed, which now covers some 2,000 Elsevier journals, with around 800,000 reviewer profiles.
59. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 57
Narrow public claim
Organizations currently posting peer review activity data include: American Geophysical Union (AGU), F1000, IEEE, and Publons.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 57- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t06_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
Organizations currently posting peer review activity data include: American Geophysical Union (AGU), F1000, IEEE, and Publons.
60. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 57
Narrow public claim
Uptake to date has been limited, with less than 0.5% of ORCID iDs associated with peer review activities as of August 2018.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 57- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t06_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
Uptake to date has been limited, with less than 0.5% of ORCID iDs associated with peer review activities as of August 2018.
61. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 58
Narrow public claim
There are indications that the thoroughness of article reading may have declined, with reading times not increasing in line with the average length of journal articles increasing substantially (from 7.4 to 12.4 pages between 1975 and 2001).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 58- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
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python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t07_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
There are indications that the thoroughness of article reading may have declined, with reading times not increasing in line with the average length of journal articles increasing substantially (from 7.4 to 12.4 pages between 1975 and 2001).
62. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 59
Narrow public claim
This is of course partly driven by the growing use of search engines, particularly Google and Google Scholar, but around 55% of the time people found the article they needed via non-search behaviour.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 59- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t07_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
This is of course partly driven by the growing use of search engines, particularly Google and Google Scholar, but around 55% of the time people found the article they needed via non-search behaviour.
63. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 61
Narrow public claim
The UK’s Jisc 2005 report on disciplinary differences was based on a survey of UK academics but many of its findings remain broadly applicable.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 61- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t07_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
The UK’s Jisc 2005 report on disciplinary differences was based on a survey of UK academics but many of its findings remain broadly applicable.
64. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 61
Narrow public claim
The degree of joint authorship is also significantly different and follows similar patterns, with biomedical authors most likely to coauthor (with 85% of respondents saying that 75% or more of their output was coauthored), followed by physical sciences and engineering, then the social sciences, with arts and humanities the least likely to coauthor (with 76% saying that 25% or less was coauthored).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 61- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t07_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
The degree of joint authorship is also significantly different and follows similar patterns, with biomedical authors most likely to coauthor (with 85% of respondents saying that 75% or more of their output was coauthored), followed by physical sciences and engineering, then the social sciences, with arts and humanities the least likely to coauthor (with 76% saying that 25% or less was coauthored).
65. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 64
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In 2004, 42% of citations to Chinese scientific articles came from outside China; by 2014, the proportion had dropped to 38%, suggesting China’s expanding article output is being used mostly within China (NSB 2018).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 64- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t07_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
In 2004, 42% of citations to Chinese scientific articles came from outside China; by 2014, the proportion had dropped to 38%, suggesting China’s expanding article output is being used mostly within China (NSB 2018).
66. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 65
Narrow public claim
Further work in this area indicates that Google Scholar captures nearly all the WoS (95%) and Scopus (92%) citations and is far more likely to capture citations from non journal sources, and in languages other than English.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 65- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t07_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
Further work in this area indicates that Google Scholar captures nearly all the WoS (95%) and Scopus (92%) citations and is far more likely to capture citations from non journal sources, and in languages other than English.
67. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 65
Narrow public claim
The results suggest that in all areas Google Scholar citation data is essentially a superset of WoS and Scopus, with substantial extra coverage (Martín-Martín et al, 2018d).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 65- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t07_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
The results suggest that in all areas Google Scholar citation data is essentially a superset of WoS and Scopus, with substantial extra coverage (Martín-Martín et al, 2018d).
68. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 70
Narrow public claim
The free service for researchers is supported by a paid-for Kudos partner subscription service for a growing customer base of over 80 publishers and universities.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 70- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t07_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
The free service for researchers is supported by a paid-for Kudos partner subscription service for a growing customer base of over 80 publishers and universities.
69. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 70
Narrow public claim
ImpactStory 76 lets researchers create online profiles which profile their research outputs (papers, datasets, presentations, software), and track and show the altmetric impacts of the same.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 70- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t07_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
ImpactStory 76 lets researchers create online profiles which profile their research outputs (papers, datasets, presentations, software), and track and show the altmetric impacts of the same.
70. STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition) · PDF page 73
Narrow public claim
CEPA subsequently updated their estimates for a later report (RIN 2011c), giving the average 2010 journal article cost of production (print + electronic) at £3095.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- STM Report 2018: An overview of scientific and scholarly publishing (Fifth edition)
- Section locator
PDF page 73- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
74caefd6fa6f1ad4e398f0c74154609e3db78d3a34ba61da9a8d696c3a291f86- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom089_t07_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
CEPA subsequently updated their estimates for a later report (RIN 2011c), giving the average 2010 journal article cost of production (print + electronic) at £3095.