CLAIMBOUND / SOURCE-PUBLICATION EVIDENCE
Biodiversity
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1. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 2
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IPBES (2019): Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-05, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers
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- 2026-09-05
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IPBES (2019): Summary for policymakers of the global assessment report on biodiversity and ecosystem services of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services.
2. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 3
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The countries or organizations having nominated these experts are listed on the IPBES website.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-05, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers
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PDF page 3- Captured
- 2026-09-05
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The countries or organizations having nominated these experts are listed on the IPBES website.
3. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 4
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This Global Assessment of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services has been carried out by about 150 selected experts from all regions of the world, including 16 early career fellows, assisted by 350 contributing authors.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-05, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers
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PDF page 4- Captured
- 2026-09-05
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This Global Assessment of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services has been carried out by about 150 selected experts from all regions of the world, including 16 early career fellows, assisted by 350 contributing authors.
4. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 4
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More than 15,000 scientific publications were analyzed as well as a substantive body of indigenous and local knowledge.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-05, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
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- IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers
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PDF page 4- Captured
- 2026-09-05
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1c5fb28d33777167cd44e5b2eb1a6b8cc4307bb49baf2778c36e5bc1be514222- Reproduction
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More than 15,000 scientific publications were analyzed as well as a substantive body of indigenous and local knowledge.
5. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 4
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Its chapters were accepted, and its summary for policymakers was approved, by the more than 130 Governments that constitute the Members of IPBES, at the seventh session of the IPBES Plenary (29th April to 4th May, 2019), hosted by France at UNESCO in Paris.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-05, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers
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PDF page 4- Captured
- 2026-09-05
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1c5fb28d33777167cd44e5b2eb1a6b8cc4307bb49baf2778c36e5bc1be514222- Reproduction
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Its chapters were accepted, and its summary for policymakers was approved, by the more than 130 Governments that constitute the Members of IPBES, at the seventh session of the IPBES Plenary (29th April to 4th May, 2019), hosted by France at UNESCO in Paris.
6. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 4
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The generalizing perspective is analytical in purpose and is organized into eighteen categories of material, non-material and regulating contributions.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-05, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers
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PDF page 4- Captured
- 2026-09-05
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1c5fb28d33777167cd44e5b2eb1a6b8cc4307bb49baf2778c36e5bc1be514222- Reproduction
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The generalizing perspective is analytical in purpose and is organized into eighteen categories of material, non-material and regulating contributions.
7. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 21
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Such an evolution could be enabled through a mix of policies and tools (such as incentive programmes, certification and performance standards) and through more internationally consistent taxation, supported by multilateral agreements and enhanced environmental monitoring and evaluation.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-05, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
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- IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers
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PDF page 21- Captured
- 2026-09-05
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1c5fb28d33777167cd44e5b2eb1a6b8cc4307bb49baf2778c36e5bc1be514222- Reproduction
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Such an evolution could be enabled through a mix of policies and tools (such as incentive programmes, certification and performance standards) and through more internationally consistent taxation, supported by multilateral agreements and enhanced environmental monitoring and evaluation.
8. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 21
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It would also entail a shift beyond standard economic indicators such as gross domestic product to include those able to capture more holistic, long-term views of economics and quality of life.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-05, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers
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PDF page 21- Captured
- 2026-09-05
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It would also entail a shift beyond standard economic indicators such as gross domestic product to include those able to capture more holistic, long-term views of economics and quality of life.
9. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 24
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Nature and its vital contributions to people, which together embody biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, are deteriorating worldwide.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-05, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
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- IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers
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PDF page 24- Captured
- 2026-09-05
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Nature and its vital contributions to people, which together embody biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, are deteriorating worldwide.
10. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 25
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Indicators were selected on the basis of availability of global data, prior use in assessments and alignment with 18 categories.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-05, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
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- IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers
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PDF page 25- Captured
- 2026-09-05
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Indicators were selected on the basis of availability of global data, prior use in assessments and alignment with 18 categories.
11. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 25
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For many categories of nature’s contributions, two indicators are included that show different aspects of nature’s capacity to contribute to human well-being within that category.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-05, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
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- IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers
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PDF page 25- Captured
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For many categories of nature’s contributions, two indicators are included that show different aspects of nature’s capacity to contribute to human well-being within that category.
12. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 25
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Indicators are defined so that an increase in the indicator is associated with an improvement in nature’s contributions.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-05, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
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- IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers
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PDF page 25- Captured
- 2026-09-05
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1c5fb28d33777167cd44e5b2eb1a6b8cc4307bb49baf2778c36e5bc1be514222- Reproduction
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Indicators are defined so that an increase in the indicator is associated with an improvement in nature’s contributions.
13. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 27
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The direct drivers (land-/sea-use change; direct exploitation of organisms; climate change; pollution; and invasive alien species)6 result from an array of underlying societal causes7.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-05, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
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- IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers
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PDF page 27- Captured
- 2026-09-05
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The direct drivers (land-/sea-use change; direct exploitation of organisms; climate change; pollution; and invasive alien species)6 result from an array of underlying societal causes7.
14. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 27
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These causes can be demographic (e.g., human population dynamics), sociocultural (e.g., consumption patterns), economic (e.g., trade), technological, or relating to institutions, governance, conflicts and epidemics.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-05, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers
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PDF page 27- Captured
- 2026-09-05
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These causes can be demographic (e.g., human population dynamics), sociocultural (e.g., consumption patterns), economic (e.g., trade), technological, or relating to institutions, governance, conflicts and epidemics.
15. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 27
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They are called indirect drivers8 and are underpinned by societal values and behaviours.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-05, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers
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PDF page 27- Captured
- 2026-09-05
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They are called indirect drivers8 and are underpinned by societal values and behaviours.
16. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 27
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Land- and sea-use change and direct exploitation account for more than 50 per cent of the global impact on land, in fresh water and in the sea, but each driver is dominant in certain contexts {2.2.6}.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-05, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
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- IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers
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PDF page 27- Captured
- 2026-09-05
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Land- and sea-use change and direct exploitation account for more than 50 per cent of the global impact on land, in fresh water and in the sea, but each driver is dominant in certain contexts {2.2.6}.
17. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 28
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A Percentage of species threatened with extinction in taxonomic groups that have been assessed comprehensively, or through a ‘sampled’ approach, or for which selected subsets have been assessed, by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-05, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- Primary source
- IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers
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PDF page 28- Captured
- 2026-09-05
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1c5fb28d33777167cd44e5b2eb1a6b8cc4307bb49baf2778c36e5bc1be514222- Reproduction
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A Percentage of species threatened with extinction in taxonomic groups that have been assessed comprehensively, or through a ‘sampled’ approach, or for which selected subsets have been assessed, by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species.
18. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 28
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Rates for reptiles and fishes have not been assessed for all species.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-05, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers
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PDF page 28- Captured
- 2026-09-05
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Rates for reptiles and fishes have not been assessed for all species.
19. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 28
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C Red List Index of species survival for taxonomic groups that have been assessed for the IUCN Red List at least twice.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-05, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers
- Section locator
PDF page 28- Captured
- 2026-09-05
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1c5fb28d33777167cd44e5b2eb1a6b8cc4307bb49baf2778c36e5bc1be514222- Reproduction
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C Red List Index of species survival for taxonomic groups that have been assessed for the IUCN Red List at least twice.
20. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 28
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A value of 1 is equivalent to all species being categorized as Least Concern; a value of zero is equivalent to all species being classified as Extinct.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-05, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers
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PDF page 28- Captured
- 2026-09-05
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1c5fb28d33777167cd44e5b2eb1a6b8cc4307bb49baf2778c36e5bc1be514222- Reproduction
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A value of 1 is equivalent to all species being categorized as Least Concern; a value of zero is equivalent to all species being classified as Extinct.
21. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 30
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Direct and indirect drivers of change have accelerated during the past 50 years.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-05, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers
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PDF page 30- Captured
- 2026-09-05
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1c5fb28d33777167cd44e5b2eb1a6b8cc4307bb49baf2778c36e5bc1be514222- Reproduction
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Direct and indirect drivers of change have accelerated during the past 50 years.
22. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 31
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Pollution from land sources is already a major driver of negative environmental change.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-05, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers
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PDF page 31- Captured
- 2026-09-05
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1c5fb28d33777167cd44e5b2eb1a6b8cc4307bb49baf2778c36e5bc1be514222- Reproduction
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Pollution from land sources is already a major driver of negative environmental change.
23. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 33
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Global gross domestic product has risen fourfold in real terms, with the vast majority of growth occurring in developed and developing countries A.
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Global gross domestic product has risen fourfold in real terms, with the vast majority of growth occurring in developed and developing countries A.
24. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 33
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Extraction of living biomass (e.g., crops, fish) to meet the demand for domestic consumption and for export is highest in developing countries and rising rapidly B.
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Extraction of living biomass (e.g., crops, fish) to meet the demand for domestic consumption and for export is highest in developing countries and rising rapidly B.
25. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 33
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However, material consumption per capita within each country (from imports and domestic production) is highest in developed countries.
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However, material consumption per capita within each country (from imports and domestic production) is highest in developed countries.
26. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 33
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Overall protection of Key Biodiversity Areas is rising, being highest within developed countries D.
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Overall protection of Key Biodiversity Areas is rising, being highest within developed countries D.
27. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 34
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Indigenous and local knowledge systems are locally based, but regionally manifested and thus globally relevant.
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Indigenous and local knowledge systems are locally based, but regionally manifested and thus globally relevant.
28. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 34
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As lifestyles, values and external pressures change with globalization, however, unsustainable practices are becoming increasingly common in certain regions10.
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As lifestyles, values and external pressures change with globalization, however, unsustainable practices are becoming increasingly common in certain regions10.
29. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 34
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Circles and overlapping sections are proportional in area.
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Circles and overlapping sections are proportional in area.
30. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 34
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Land areas traditionally owned, managed11, used, or occupied by indigenous peoples overlap with approximately 35 per cent of the area that is formally protected, and approximately 35 per cent of all remaining terrestrial areas with very low human intervention.
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Land areas traditionally owned, managed11, used, or occupied by indigenous peoples overlap with approximately 35 per cent of the area that is formally protected, and approximately 35 per cent of all remaining terrestrial areas with very low human intervention.
31. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 35
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Goals for conserving and sustainably using nature and achieving sustainability cannot be met by current trajectories, and goals for 2030 and beyond may only be achieved through transformative changes14 across economic, social, political and technological factors.
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Goals for conserving and sustainably using nature and achieving sustainability cannot be met by current trajectories, and goals for 2030 and beyond may only be achieved through transformative changes14 across economic, social, political and technological factors.
32. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 39
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The scores for the targets are based on a systematic assessment of the literature and a quantitative analysis of the indicators, where possible.
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The scores for the targets are based on a systematic assessment of the literature and a quantitative analysis of the indicators, where possible.
33. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 39
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None of the targets scored “Full support” (that is, having a good status or substantial positive trends on a global scale).
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None of the targets scored “Full support” (that is, having a good status or substantial positive trends on a global scale).
34. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 39
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“Partial support” means that the overall global status and trends are positive, but still insubstantial or insufficient; or there may be substantial positive trends for some relevant aspects, but negative trends for others; or the trends are positive in some geographic regions, but negative in others.
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“Partial support” means that the overall global status and trends are positive, but still insubstantial or insufficient; or there may be substantial positive trends for some relevant aspects, but negative trends for others; or the trends are positive in some geographic regions, but negative in others.
35. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 39
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“Poor/Declining support” indicates poor status or substantial negative trends at a global scale.
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“Poor/Declining support” indicates poor status or substantial negative trends at a global scale.
36. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 39
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(well established) and are expected to have co-benefits for local communities (established but incomplete) {4.2.4.3}.
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(well established) and are expected to have co-benefits for local communities (established but incomplete) {4.2.4.3}.
37. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 40
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This figure illustrates three main messages: i) the impacts on biodiversity and on nature’s contributions to people (NCP) are the lowest in the “global sustainability” scenario in nearly all sub-regions, ii) regional differences in impacts are high in the regional competition and economic optimism scenario, and iii) material NCP increase the most in the regional competition and economic optimism scenarios, but this comes at the expense of biodiversity and regulating NCP.
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This figure illustrates three main messages: i) the impacts on biodiversity and on nature’s contributions to people (NCP) are the lowest in the “global sustainability” scenario in nearly all sub-regions, ii) regional differences in impacts are high in the regional competition and economic optimism scenario, and iii) material NCP increase the most in the regional competition and economic optimism scenarios, but this comes at the expense of biodiversity and regulating NCP.
38. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 40
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Projected impacts are based on a subset of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios and greenhouse gas emissions trajectories (RCP) developed in support of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessments.
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Projected impacts are based on a subset of the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios and greenhouse gas emissions trajectories (RCP) developed in support of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessments.
39. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 40
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This figure does not cover the scenarios that include transformative change that are discussed in Chapter 5.
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This figure does not cover the scenarios that include transformative change that are discussed in Chapter 5.
40. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 41
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Multiple models were used with each of the scenarios to generate the first rigorous global-scale model comparison estimating the impact on biodiversity (change in species richness across a wide range of terrestrial plant and animal species at regional scales; orange bars), material NCP (food, feed, timber and bioenergy: purple bars) and regulating NCP (nitrogen retention, soil protection, crop pollination, crop pest control and ecosystem carbon storage and sequestration: white bars).
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Multiple models were used with each of the scenarios to generate the first rigorous global-scale model comparison estimating the impact on biodiversity (change in species richness across a wide range of terrestrial plant and animal species at regional scales; orange bars), material NCP (food, feed, timber and bioenergy: purple bars) and regulating NCP (nitrogen retention, soil protection, crop pollination, crop pest control and ecosystem carbon storage and sequestration: white bars).
41. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 41
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Nature can be conserved, restored and used sustainably while simultaneously meeting other global societal goals through urgent and concerted efforts fostering transformative change.
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Nature can be conserved, restored and used sustainably while simultaneously meeting other global societal goals through urgent and concerted efforts fostering transformative change.
42. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 42
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Collaborative implementation of priority governance interventions (levers) targeting key points of intervention (leverage points) could enable transformative change from current trends towards more sustainable ones.
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Collaborative implementation of priority governance interventions (levers) targeting key points of intervention (leverage points) could enable transformative change from current trends towards more sustainable ones.
43. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 42
Narrow public claim
Most levers can be applied at multiple leverage points by a range of actors, such as intergovernmental organizations, governments, non-governmental organizations, citizen and community groups, indigenous peoples and local communities, donor agencies, science and educational organizations, and the private sector, depending on the context.
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Most levers can be applied at multiple leverage points by a range of actors, such as intergovernmental organizations, governments, non-governmental organizations, citizen and community groups, indigenous peoples and local communities, donor agencies, science and educational organizations, and the private sector, depending on the context.
44. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 46
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Promoting public access to relevant information as appropriate in decision-making and responsiveness to assessments by improving monitoring, including setting goals and objectives with multiple relevant stakeholders, who often have competing interests (e.g., IG, G).
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Promoting public access to relevant information as appropriate in decision-making and responsiveness to assessments by improving monitoring, including setting goals and objectives with multiple relevant stakeholders, who often have competing interests (e.g., IG, G).
45. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 47
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Promoting the use of biodiversity-friendly management practices in crop and livestock production, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, including, where relevant, the use of traditional management practices associated with indigenous peoples and local communities {6.3.2.1} {D6}.
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Promoting the use of biodiversity-friendly management practices in crop and livestock production, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, including, where relevant, the use of traditional management practices associated with indigenous peoples and local communities {6.3.2.1} {D6}.
46. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 47
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Increasing efficiency in forest product use, including incentives for adding value to forest products (such as sustainability labelling or public procurement policies), as well as promoting intensive production in well managed forests so as to reduce pressures elsewhere (e.g., P, D, NGO) {6.3.2.2} {B1}.
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Increasing efficiency in forest product use, including incentives for adding value to forest products (such as sustainability labelling or public procurement policies), as well as promoting intensive production in well managed forests so as to reduce pressures elsewhere (e.g., P, D, NGO) {6.3.2.2} {B1}.
47. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 47
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Improving and expanding the levels of financial support for conservation and sustainable use through a variety of innovative options, including through partnerships with the private sector {6.3.2.5} {D5, D7, D10}.
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Improving and expanding the levels of financial support for conservation and sustainable use through a variety of innovative options, including through partnerships with the private sector {6.3.2.5} {D5, D7, D10}.
48. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 47
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Prioritizing land-based adaptation and mitigation measures that do not have negative impacts on biodiversity (e.g., reducing deforestation, restoring land and ecosystems, improving the management of agricultural systems such as soil carbon, and preventing the degradation of wetlands and peatlands) {D8}.
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Prioritizing land-based adaptation and mitigation measures that do not have negative impacts on biodiversity (e.g., reducing deforestation, restoring land and ecosystems, improving the management of agricultural systems such as soil carbon, and preventing the degradation of wetlands and peatlands) {D8}.
49. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 47
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Monitoring the effectiveness and impacts of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures.
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Monitoring the effectiveness and impacts of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures.
50. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 49
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Encouraging policies that combine poverty reduction with measures to increase the provision of nature’s contributions and the conservation and sustainable use of nature (e.g., IG, G, D) {3.2.1} {C2}.
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Encouraging policies that combine poverty reduction with measures to increase the provision of nature’s contributions and the conservation and sustainable use of nature (e.g., IG, G, D) {3.2.1} {C2}.
51. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 55
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The evidence includes data, theory, models and expert judgement.
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The evidence includes data, theory, models and expert judgement.
52. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 55
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Unresolved: multiple independent studies exist but their conclusions do not agree.
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Unresolved: multiple independent studies exist but their conclusions do not agree.
53. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 56
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Knowledge gaps In the course of conducting this assessment key information needs were identified.
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Knowledge gaps In the course of conducting this assessment key information needs were identified.
54. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 57
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The Plenary did not approve this table as part of the summary for policymakers.
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The Plenary did not approve this table as part of the summary for policymakers.
55. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 57
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It is therefore included in draft form, which does not imply working group or Plenary approval.
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It is therefore included in draft form, which does not imply working group or Plenary approval.
56. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 57
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This list of knowledge gaps in the IPBES Global Assessment of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services is not exhaustive.
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This list of knowledge gaps in the IPBES Global Assessment of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services is not exhaustive.
57. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 60
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The Intergovernmental Science Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) is the intergovernmental body which assesses the state of biodiversity and ecosystem services, in response to requests from Governments, the private sector and civil society.
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The Intergovernmental Science Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) is the intergovernmental body which assesses the state of biodiversity and ecosystem services, in response to requests from Governments, the private sector and civil society.
58. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 60
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The mission of IPBES is to strengthen the science-policy interface for biodiversity and ecosystem services for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, long-term human well-being and sustainable development.
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The mission of IPBES is to strengthen the science-policy interface for biodiversity and ecosystem services for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, long-term human well-being and sustainable development.
59. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 60
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Its secretariat is hosted by the German government and located on the UN campus, in Bonn, Germany.
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Its secretariat is hosted by the German government and located on the UN campus, in Bonn, Germany.
60. IPBES Global Assessment Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 60
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They are nominated by their government or an organisation, and selected by the Multidisciplinary Expert Panel (MEP) of IPBES.
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They are nominated by their government or an organisation, and selected by the Multidisciplinary Expert Panel (MEP) of IPBES.
61. IPCC AR5 WGII Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 4
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Human interference with the climate system is occurring,1and climate change poses risks for human and natural systems (Figure SPM.1).
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Human interference with the climate system is occurring,1and climate change poses risks for human and natural systems (Figure SPM.1).
62. IPCC AR5 WGII Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 5
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Background Box SPM.2 defines central concepts, and Background Box SPM.3 introduces terms used to convey the degree of certainty in key findings.
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Background Box SPM.2 defines central concepts, and Background Box SPM.3 introduces terms used to convey the degree of certainty in key findings.
63. IPCC AR5 WGII Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 5
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Attribution of observed impacts in the WGII AR5 generally links responses of natural and human systems to observed climate change, regardless of its cause.6 In many regions, changing precipitation or melting snow and ice are altering hydrological systems, affecting water resources in terms of quantity and quality (medium confidence).
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Attribution of observed impacts in the WGII AR5 generally links responses of natural and human systems to observed climate change, regardless of its cause.6 In many regions, changing precipitation or melting snow and ice are altering hydrological systems, affecting water resources in terms of quantity and quality (medium confidence).
64. IPCC AR5 WGII Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 6
Narrow public claim
Summary for Policymakers Background Box SPM.2 | Terms Central for Understanding the Summary9 Climate change: Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer.
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Summary for Policymakers Background Box SPM.2 | Terms Central for Understanding the Summary9 Climate change: Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer.
65. IPCC AR5 WGII Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 7
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Since AR4, several periods of rapid food and cereal price increases following climate extremes in key producing regions indicate a sensitivity of current markets to climate extremes among other factors (medium confidence).11 At present the worldwide burden of human ill-health from climate change is relatively small compared with effects of other stressors and is not well quantified.
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Since AR4, several periods of rapid food and cereal price increases following climate extremes in key producing regions indicate a sensitivity of current markets to climate extremes among other factors (medium confidence).11 At present the worldwide burden of human ill-health from climate change is relatively small compared with effects of other stressors and is not well quantified.
66. IPCC AR5 WGII Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 7
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Local changes in temperature and rainfall have altered the distribution of some water borne illnesses and disease vectors (medium confidence).12 Differences in vulnerability and exposure arise from non-climatic factors and from multidimensional inequalities often produced by uneven development processes (very high confidence).
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-05, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
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PDF page 7- Captured
- 2026-09-05
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a1c07f0c11df08cac7880e8db044c15a56390315d0f472a93adb864436768e74- Reproduction
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python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom057_t07_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
Local changes in temperature and rainfall have altered the distribution of some water borne illnesses and disease vectors (medium confidence).12 Differences in vulnerability and exposure arise from non-climatic factors and from multidimensional inequalities often produced by uneven development processes (very high confidence).
67. IPCC AR5 WGII Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 9
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Most assessments of adaptation have been restricted to impacts, vulnerability, and adaptation planning, with very few assessing the processes of implementation or the effects of adaptation actions (medium evidence, high agreement).17 Adaptation experience is accumulating across regions in the public and private sector and within communities (high confidence).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-05, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IPCC AR5 WGII Summary for Policymakers
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PDF page 9- Captured
- 2026-09-05
- Source SHA-256
a1c07f0c11df08cac7880e8db044c15a56390315d0f472a93adb864436768e74- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
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Most assessments of adaptation have been restricted to impacts, vulnerability, and adaptation planning, with very few assessing the processes of implementation or the effects of adaptation actions (medium evidence, high agreement).17 Adaptation experience is accumulating across regions in the public and private sector and within communities (high confidence).
68. IPCC AR5 WGII Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 12
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Solid colors indicate areas with very strong agreement, where the multi-model mean change is greater than twice the baseline variability (natural internal variability in 20-yr means) and ≥90% of models agree on sign of change.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-05, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IPCC AR5 WGII Summary for Policymakers
- Section locator
PDF page 12- Captured
- 2026-09-05
- Source SHA-256
a1c07f0c11df08cac7880e8db044c15a56390315d0f472a93adb864436768e74- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom057_t07_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
Solid colors indicate areas with very strong agreement, where the multi-model mean change is greater than twice the baseline variability (natural internal variability in 20-yr means) and ≥90% of models agree on sign of change.
69. IPCC AR5 WGII Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 12
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Colors with white dots indicate areas with strong agreement, where ≥66% of models show change greater than the baseline variability and ≥66% of models agree on sign of change.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-05, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IPCC AR5 WGII Summary for Policymakers
- Section locator
PDF page 12- Captured
- 2026-09-05
- Source SHA-256
a1c07f0c11df08cac7880e8db044c15a56390315d0f472a93adb864436768e74- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom057_t07_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
Colors with white dots indicate areas with strong agreement, where ≥66% of models show change greater than the baseline variability and ≥66% of models agree on sign of change.
70. IPCC AR5 WGII Summary for Policymakers · PDF page 16
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Many species will be unable to track suitable climates under mid- and high-range rates of climate change (i.e., RCP4.5, 6.0, and 8.5) during the 21st century (medium confidence).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-05, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IPCC AR5 WGII Summary for Policymakers
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PDF page 16- Captured
- 2026-09-05
- Source SHA-256
a1c07f0c11df08cac7880e8db044c15a56390315d0f472a93adb864436768e74- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom057_t07_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
Many species will be unable to track suitable climates under mid- and high-range rates of climate change (i.e., RCP4.5, 6.0, and 8.5) during the 21st century (medium confidence).