CLAIMBOUND / SOURCE-PUBLICATION EVIDENCE
Earth observation
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1. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 8
Narrow public claim
At its heart, the GST is an evidence-driven process, using data to power improved understanding of the global climate and an ambition cycle that seeks to leverage the data for increasing action by countries on the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake
- Section locator
PDF page 8- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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At its heart, the GST is an evidence-driven process, using data to power improved understanding of the global climate and an ambition cycle that seeks to leverage the data for increasing action by countries on the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
2. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 8
Narrow public claim
The Handbook also aims to provide practical examples and leads for further investigation so that the potential of the data available from our EO satellites is fully realised.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake
- Section locator
PDF page 8- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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The Handbook also aims to provide practical examples and leads for further investigation so that the potential of the data available from our EO satellites is fully realised.
3. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 9
Narrow public claim
It is hoped that readers might find inspiration and resources relevant to their own information needs and reporting obligations.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake
- Section locator
PDF page 9- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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It is hoped that readers might find inspiration and resources relevant to their own information needs and reporting obligations.
4. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 12
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In 2023, the first formal review of progress towards the goals of the Paris Agreement, known as the Global Stocktake (GST), will take place.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
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- Primary source
- CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake
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PDF page 12- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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In 2023, the first formal review of progress towards the goals of the Paris Agreement, known as the Global Stocktake (GST), will take place.
5. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 15
Narrow public claim
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has released several reports, the latest being the Synthesis Report for the 6th Assessment in 2023, which unequivocally states that human-related emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) are causing a warming world.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake
- Section locator
PDF page 15- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has released several reports, the latest being the Synthesis Report for the 6th Assessment in 2023, which unequivocally states that human-related emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) are causing a warming world.
6. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 15
Narrow public claim
This latest IPCC report shows that if we rely on policies implemented to date, or current nationally determined contributions out to 2030, it will not be possible to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees, and possibly not even 2 degrees.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake
- Section locator
PDF page 15- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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41dbd7b9200040dc2375e0dced2dd936c1d832837ecb24d5ad85355c3b6b98ae- Reproduction
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This latest IPCC report shows that if we rely on policies implemented to date, or current nationally determined contributions out to 2030, it will not be possible to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees, and possibly not even 2 degrees.
7. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 18
Narrow public claim
The Paris Agreement emphasises the significance of adaptation measures taken by countries to counter the effects of climate change that are already happening or are anticipated.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake
- Section locator
PDF page 18- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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The Paris Agreement emphasises the significance of adaptation measures taken by countries to counter the effects of climate change that are already happening or are anticipated.
8. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 19
Narrow public claim
In order to monitor and fully understand the changing climate, we must observe key facets of the climate system on a sustained basis.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake
- Section locator
PDF page 19- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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In order to monitor and fully understand the changing climate, we must observe key facets of the climate system on a sustained basis.
9. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 20
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GCOS Essential Climate Variables Space agencies provide data records for around two thirds of the 55 ECVs.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake
- Section locator
PDF page 20- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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GCOS Essential Climate Variables Space agencies provide data records for around two thirds of the 55 ECVs.
10. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 22
Narrow public claim
The ECV Inventory provides a comprehensive view of the systemic availability of Climate Data Records (CDRs) that are currently available and are being planned for the future from satellite missions of CEOS and CGMS members.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake
- Section locator
PDF page 22- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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The ECV Inventory provides a comprehensive view of the systemic availability of Climate Data Records (CDRs) that are currently available and are being planned for the future from satellite missions of CEOS and CGMS members.
11. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 22
Narrow public claim
The inventory is updated annually to provide the users with more up-to-date information, and to support gap analysis exercises.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake
- Section locator
PDF page 22- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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The inventory is updated annually to provide the users with more up-to-date information, and to support gap analysis exercises.
12. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 24
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Systematic observations are the foundation of a climate services value chain that connects observations to decision-making to support mitigation and adaptation action.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake
- Section locator
PDF page 24- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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Systematic observations are the foundation of a climate services value chain that connects observations to decision-making to support mitigation and adaptation action.
13. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 24
Narrow public claim
Systematic observations of the Earth thus provide the scientific basis for identifying climate hazards and impacts and for designing, implementing and tracking the performance of adaptation investments and strategies.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake
- Section locator
PDF page 24- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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Systematic observations of the Earth thus provide the scientific basis for identifying climate hazards and impacts and for designing, implementing and tracking the performance of adaptation investments and strategies.
14. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 25
Narrow public claim
Systematic observations are the foundation of operational climate services that can identify emerging climate hazards at sub-national to national scales and forecast their evolution on daily to decadal time scales to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
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- Primary source
- CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake
- Section locator
PDF page 25- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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Systematic observations are the foundation of operational climate services that can identify emerging climate hazards at sub-national to national scales and forecast their evolution on daily to decadal time scales to meet the goals of the Paris Agreement.
15. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 26
Narrow public claim
A technical dialogue will be organized to assess collective progress towards the PA's purpose and long-term goals, with a focus on three themes: mitigation, adaptation, and means of implementation and support.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake
- Section locator
PDF page 26- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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A technical dialogue will be organized to assess collective progress towards the PA's purpose and long-term goals, with a focus on three themes: mitigation, adaptation, and means of implementation and support.
16. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 26
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The COP will host this stage during the year of the stocktake, specially in 2023 and every five years following.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- Primary source
- CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake
- Section locator
PDF page 26- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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The COP will host this stage during the year of the stocktake, specially in 2023 and every five years following.
17. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 27
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EO satellites have been acquiring data on the state and dynamics of the global landscape for over 40 years.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake
- Section locator
PDF page 27- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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EO satellites have been acquiring data on the state and dynamics of the global landscape for over 40 years.
18. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 28
Narrow public claim
The following sections and the case studies in Part II describe in detail the current state-of-the-art in top-down atmospheric GHG measurement and analysis methods and how they are being used to track trends in atmospheric GHG concentrations and to create budgets of net emissions and removals on local, national and global scales.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake
- Section locator
PDF page 28- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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The following sections and the case studies in Part II describe in detail the current state-of-the-art in top-down atmospheric GHG measurement and analysis methods and how they are being used to track trends in atmospheric GHG concentrations and to create budgets of net emissions and removals on local, national and global scales.
19. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 28
Narrow public claim
The bottom-up method uses the IPCC Guidelines to require annual reports of emissions and removals in specific sector and categories.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake
- Section locator
PDF page 28- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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41dbd7b9200040dc2375e0dced2dd936c1d832837ecb24d5ad85355c3b6b98ae- Reproduction
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The bottom-up method uses the IPCC Guidelines to require annual reports of emissions and removals in specific sector and categories.
20. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 32
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Data and knowledge around global GHG emissions, trends and sources will become increasingly important to support national and international climate policy-making.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake
- Section locator
PDF page 32- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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41dbd7b9200040dc2375e0dced2dd936c1d832837ecb24d5ad85355c3b6b98ae- Reproduction
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Data and knowledge around global GHG emissions, trends and sources will become increasingly important to support national and international climate policy-making.
21. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 42
Narrow public claim
In this section we highlight how satellite EO can support countries in formulating and executing their National Adaptation Plans (NAPs).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake
- Section locator
PDF page 42- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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In this section we highlight how satellite EO can support countries in formulating and executing their National Adaptation Plans (NAPs).
22. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 42
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This text is not intended to be comprehensive but rather to provide a glimpse of instances and suggestions for further exploration.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake
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PDF page 42- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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This text is not intended to be comprehensive but rather to provide a glimpse of instances and suggestions for further exploration.
23. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 46
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Satellites readily provide water and flood extent maps and space agencies are providing operational near-real time services in support of disaster response.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 46- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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Satellites readily provide water and flood extent maps and space agencies are providing operational near-real time services in support of disaster response.
24. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 48
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Harnessing Satellite Data for Heatwave, Drought and Wildfire Response Urban Heat Islands Satellite EO can inform exposure to droughts and fires by monitoring biomass, soil moisture and land use, and can help us understand the subsequent poor air quality.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake
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PDF page 48- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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Harnessing Satellite Data for Heatwave, Drought and Wildfire Response Urban Heat Islands Satellite EO can inform exposure to droughts and fires by monitoring biomass, soil moisture and land use, and can help us understand the subsequent poor air quality.
25. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 48
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In many regions, the severe conditions continued into 2023, with experts warning that Europe could be facing its worst drought in at least 500 years.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake
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PDF page 48- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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In many regions, the severe conditions continued into 2023, with experts warning that Europe could be facing its worst drought in at least 500 years.
26. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 49
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The NASA Applied Remote Sensing Training (ARSET) program demonstrates how socioeconomic data can be integrated with satellite imagery to derive Heat Vulnerability Indices (HVIs).
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 49- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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The NASA Applied Remote Sensing Training (ARSET) program demonstrates how socioeconomic data can be integrated with satellite imagery to derive Heat Vulnerability Indices (HVIs).
27. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 49
Narrow public claim
With improving technical capabilities, upcoming missions such as the NASA/JPL Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) Thermal Infrared Free-Flyer and the Copernicus Land Surface Temperature Monitoring (LSTM) mission will advance our ability to measure land surface temperature and trends at local scales.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
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- Primary source
- CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake
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PDF page 49- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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With improving technical capabilities, upcoming missions such as the NASA/JPL Surface Biology and Geology (SBG) Thermal Infrared Free-Flyer and the Copernicus Land Surface Temperature Monitoring (LSTM) mission will advance our ability to measure land surface temperature and trends at local scales.
28. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 56
Narrow public claim
In September 2023, the GCF pledging conference will help set the scale and ambition of the multilateral climate funds for the 2024-2027 period (GCF-2) with strong signals of ambition for the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) on climate finance to be set by the end of 2024.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake
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PDF page 56- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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In September 2023, the GCF pledging conference will help set the scale and ambition of the multilateral climate funds for the 2024-2027 period (GCF-2) with strong signals of ambition for the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) on climate finance to be set by the end of 2024.
29. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 56
Narrow public claim
Funding committed by countries through the agreements made at Copenhagen and beyond can be implemented through a wide range of financial mechanisms, both unilateral and multilateral.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
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- CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake
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PDF page 56- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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Funding committed by countries through the agreements made at Copenhagen and beyond can be implemented through a wide range of financial mechanisms, both unilateral and multilateral.
30. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 58
Narrow public claim
By integrating EO into the process, funds can be allocated efficiently and effectively to areas with the most urgent needs, fostering a more responsive and targeted approach to addressing the impacts of climate change.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 58- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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By integrating EO into the process, funds can be allocated efficiently and effectively to areas with the most urgent needs, fostering a more responsive and targeted approach to addressing the impacts of climate change.
31. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 60
Narrow public claim
For instance, companies looking to invest in renewable energy could use satellite data to identify optimal locations for solar or wind installations.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 60- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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For instance, companies looking to invest in renewable energy could use satellite data to identify optimal locations for solar or wind installations.
32. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 60
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For instance, satellite data could be used to confirm a company's claims about its greenhouse gas emissions or the impact of its operations on deforestation.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- Primary source
- CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake
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PDF page 60- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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For instance, satellite data could be used to confirm a company's claims about its greenhouse gas emissions or the impact of its operations on deforestation.
33. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 66
Narrow public claim
This underlines the need for developers of EO products to interact with groups responsible for GHG inventories and experts familiar with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidance (e.g., IPCC Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories) so that their products are suitable for national reporting, and thus contribute to more complete aggregated estimates in the GST.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 66- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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This underlines the need for developers of EO products to interact with groups responsible for GHG inventories and experts familiar with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidance (e.g., IPCC Task Force on National Greenhouse Gas Inventories) so that their products are suitable for national reporting, and thus contribute to more complete aggregated estimates in the GST.
34. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 67
Narrow public claim
The colour scheme in the quadrant charts shows the use of satellite data (e.g., Landsat imagery) and derived EO products (or global maps) to directly derive activity data (AD, left-hand quadrants in red and yellow respectively), and emission factors (EF, right-hand quadrants in teal and green respectively).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
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PDF page 67- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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The colour scheme in the quadrant charts shows the use of satellite data (e.g., Landsat imagery) and derived EO products (or global maps) to directly derive activity data (AD, left-hand quadrants in red and yellow respectively), and emission factors (EF, right-hand quadrants in teal and green respectively).
35. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 70
Narrow public claim
Robust National Forest Monitoring Systems (NFMS)-based on satellite observations are a prerequisite for countries participating in international forest carbon agreements and reporting frameworks of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 70- Captured
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Robust National Forest Monitoring Systems (NFMS)-based on satellite observations are a prerequisite for countries participating in international forest carbon agreements and reporting frameworks of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
36. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 70
Narrow public claim
In support of the GFOI, the SilvaCarbon program aims to strengthen the capacities of tropical countries by building regional partnerships and transferring information and knowledge.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 70- Captured
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In support of the GFOI, the SilvaCarbon program aims to strengthen the capacities of tropical countries by building regional partnerships and transferring information and knowledge.
37. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 71
Narrow public claim
Therefore, identifying deforestation patterns using real-time alerts is essential to prevent significant ecological and environmental impacts, including habitat fragmentation, loss of biodiversity and increased carbon emissions.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 71- Captured
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Therefore, identifying deforestation patterns using real-time alerts is essential to prevent significant ecological and environmental impacts, including habitat fragmentation, loss of biodiversity and increased carbon emissions.
38. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 71
Narrow public claim
The SilvaCarbon program – a multi-federal agency program supported by the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and the US Department of State, implemented by the US Geological Survey (USGS) and the US Forest Service (USFS) – is committed to assist countries using Earth observation (EO) data to monitor deforestation and forest degradation and its associated carbon emissions.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
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PDF page 71- Captured
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The SilvaCarbon program – a multi-federal agency program supported by the US Agency for International Development (USAID) and the US Department of State, implemented by the US Geological Survey (USGS) and the US Forest Service (USFS) – is committed to assist countries using Earth observation (EO) data to monitor deforestation and forest degradation and its associated carbon emissions.
39. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 73
Narrow public claim
The goal of the Food and Agriculture Organization's (FAO) OpenForis Initiative and SEPAL is to remove the barriers to Earth observation (EO) and to allow data access and cutting-edge processing methods so that anyone, anywhere can produce sophisticated, useful and actionable results, especially where these results inform locally relevant decisions.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- Section locator
PDF page 73- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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The goal of the Food and Agriculture Organization's (FAO) OpenForis Initiative and SEPAL is to remove the barriers to Earth observation (EO) and to allow data access and cutting-edge processing methods so that anyone, anywhere can produce sophisticated, useful and actionable results, especially where these results inform locally relevant decisions.
40. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 73
Narrow public claim
By enabling better decision-making and targeted action, OpenForis and SEPAL will likely improve natural resource management and facilitate increased ecosystem and human resilience to otherwise high-impact environmental perturbations.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 73- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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By enabling better decision-making and targeted action, OpenForis and SEPAL will likely improve natural resource management and facilitate increased ecosystem and human resilience to otherwise high-impact environmental perturbations.
41. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 74
Narrow public claim
The tools and platforms available through OpenForis empower users to process satellite data, create customised maps and detect land cover and land-use change.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 74- Captured
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The tools and platforms available through OpenForis empower users to process satellite data, create customised maps and detect land cover and land-use change.
42. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 74
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The tools work seamlessly with modern geospatial data infrastructures, such as Google Earth Engine, further driving the generation of high-integrity forest and land-use information that help users answer complex questions about any area of interest, land managers make more informed decisions, and countries attract finance for forest-related climate action.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake
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PDF page 74- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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The tools work seamlessly with modern geospatial data infrastructures, such as Google Earth Engine, further driving the generation of high-integrity forest and land-use information that help users answer complex questions about any area of interest, land managers make more informed decisions, and countries attract finance for forest-related climate action.
43. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 76
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Widayanto (53) has a small farm in Djabiren village, Pulau Pisang District, a town 125 km from Palangkaraya, the capital of Central Kalimantan.
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PDF page 76- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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Widayanto (53) has a small farm in Djabiren village, Pulau Pisang District, a town 125 km from Palangkaraya, the capital of Central Kalimantan.
44. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 76
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Since 2016, FAO has also developed capacity within the BRGM and other key institutions to allow Indonesians to take advantage of the international guidance and tools for peatlands and peatland monitoring.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 76- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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Since 2016, FAO has also developed capacity within the BRGM and other key institutions to allow Indonesians to take advantage of the international guidance and tools for peatlands and peatland monitoring.
45. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 77
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Widayanto is among the 154 Indonesian farmers who also work as BRGM “peatland watchers” in the seven priority provinces for peatland restoration.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 77- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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Widayanto is among the 154 Indonesian farmers who also work as BRGM “peatland watchers” in the seven priority provinces for peatland restoration.
46. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 79
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The Indonesian peatland area estimates vary, but it is estimated to cover between 15-26 million hectares, slightly bigger than the size of the Island of Java and contains three-quarters of the tropical peatlands’ carbon storage.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 79- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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The Indonesian peatland area estimates vary, but it is estimated to cover between 15-26 million hectares, slightly bigger than the size of the Island of Java and contains three-quarters of the tropical peatlands’ carbon storage.
47. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 80
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In fact, this pilot study includes data for more than 50 countries that have not reported emissions for at least the past 10 years.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 80- Captured
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In fact, this pilot study includes data for more than 50 countries that have not reported emissions for at least the past 10 years.
48. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 84
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The top-down estimate is determined to be significantly more negative than the NGHGI estimate based on Student's t test at 0.05 significance level.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 84- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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The top-down estimate is determined to be significantly more negative than the NGHGI estimate based on Student's t test at 0.05 significance level.
49. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 92
Narrow public claim
Through co-development partnerships, GEOGLAM has been supporting several countries to develop their national crop monitoring systems, downscaled and based on the experiences of setting up and operating the GEOGLAM global crop monitors: Crop Monitor for Agricultural Markets Information Systems (CM4AMIS) and the Crop Monitor for Early Warning (CM4EW).
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 92- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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Through co-development partnerships, GEOGLAM has been supporting several countries to develop their national crop monitoring systems, downscaled and based on the experiences of setting up and operating the GEOGLAM global crop monitors: Crop Monitor for Agricultural Markets Information Systems (CM4AMIS) and the Crop Monitor for Early Warning (CM4EW).
50. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 92
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The Tanzania crop monitor has been operational and producing regular reports since 2015, looking at the major crops (maize, beans, cassava and rice) significant for Tanzania’s national food security from all regions across the country.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 92- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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The Tanzania crop monitor has been operational and producing regular reports since 2015, looking at the major crops (maize, beans, cassava and rice) significant for Tanzania’s national food security from all regions across the country.
51. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 96
Narrow public claim
The Crop Monitor for AMIS (CM4AMIS), established in 2013, provides crop condition information for the major producer and exporter countries, focusing on the four main food commodity crops (wheat, maize, soybean, and rice).
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 96- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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The Crop Monitor for AMIS (CM4AMIS), established in 2013, provides crop condition information for the major producer and exporter countries, focusing on the four main food commodity crops (wheat, maize, soybean, and rice).
52. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 96
Narrow public claim
In 2016, the GEOGLAM Crop Monitor for Early Warning (CM4EW) was established to provide crop condition information for countries at risk of food insecurity with a focus on each region's key food security crops.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 96- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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In 2016, the GEOGLAM Crop Monitor for Early Warning (CM4EW) was established to provide crop condition information for countries at risk of food insecurity with a focus on each region's key food security crops.
53. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 97
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Consequently, the Central region of Kenya was placed under "Watch" conditions from November 2022 to January 2023 and then downgraded to "Poor" conditions from February 2023, coinciding with the beginning of the harvest season.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 97- Captured
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Consequently, the Central region of Kenya was placed under "Watch" conditions from November 2022 to January 2023 and then downgraded to "Poor" conditions from February 2023, coinciding with the beginning of the harvest season.
54. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 98
Narrow public claim
The EO indicators include NDVI (top-left graph), Recent 5 Years NDVI Comparison (middle-left graph), ESI (bottom-left graph), Cumulative Precipitation (vs 5-year mean) (top-centre graph), Precipitation (daily) (middle-centre graph), Temperature (daily mean) (bottom-centre graph), Soil Moisture (surface) (top-right graph), and Soil Moisture (sub-surface) (middle right graph).
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 98- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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The EO indicators include NDVI (top-left graph), Recent 5 Years NDVI Comparison (middle-left graph), ESI (bottom-left graph), Cumulative Precipitation (vs 5-year mean) (top-centre graph), Precipitation (daily) (middle-centre graph), Temperature (daily mean) (bottom-centre graph), Soil Moisture (surface) (top-right graph), and Soil Moisture (sub-surface) (middle right graph).
55. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 99
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As a result, the South region of Brazil began the season with "Favourable" conditions from September to November 2022, but was downgraded to "Watch" conditions from January 2022 due to a lack of rain and high temperatures.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 99- Captured
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As a result, the South region of Brazil began the season with "Favourable" conditions from September to November 2022, but was downgraded to "Watch" conditions from January 2022 due to a lack of rain and high temperatures.
56. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 99
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This funding was utilised to scale-up public works projects, which helped to offset agricultural losses and support 31,386 households, benefiting roughly 150,000 people.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 99- Captured
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This funding was utilised to scale-up public works projects, which helped to offset agricultural losses and support 31,386 households, benefiting roughly 150,000 people.
57. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 101
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Component 2: Notify & Engage Stakeholders UNEP’s IMEO will work directly and through partners to notify relevant governments and companies to large emission events happening in or near their jurisdictions or operations and will continue this engagement as more information becomes available.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 101- Captured
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Component 2: Notify & Engage Stakeholders UNEP’s IMEO will work directly and through partners to notify relevant governments and companies to large emission events happening in or near their jurisdictions or operations and will continue this engagement as more information becomes available.
58. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 101
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Once the MARS system is fully operational, UNEP will make data and analysis publicly available between 45- and 75-days post detection.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 101- Captured
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Once the MARS system is fully operational, UNEP will make data and analysis publicly available between 45- and 75-days post detection.
59. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 103
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After providing this initial feedback, the operator is requested to provide more detailed final feedback, including mitigation plans, no later than 45 days post notification.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 103- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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After providing this initial feedback, the operator is requested to provide more detailed final feedback, including mitigation plans, no later than 45 days post notification.
60. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 104
Narrow public claim
MARS was designed to incentivise corporations and governments to credibly reduce their methane emissions and contribute to limit the rise of global temperatures to well below 2°C in line with the Paris Agreement.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 104- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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MARS was designed to incentivise corporations and governments to credibly reduce their methane emissions and contribute to limit the rise of global temperatures to well below 2°C in line with the Paris Agreement.
61. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 104
Narrow public claim
To that end and to increase transparency around global methane emissions and accelerate the implementation of the Global Methane Pledge, after 45-75 days post detection, all MARS data is publicly available.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 104- Captured
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To that end and to increase transparency around global methane emissions and accelerate the implementation of the Global Methane Pledge, after 45-75 days post detection, all MARS data is publicly available.
62. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 106
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2022), a key goal of RECCAP2 is to reconcile differences between the approaches and develop regional capacity to assess budgets at regular intervals.
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2022), a key goal of RECCAP2 is to reconcile differences between the approaches and develop regional capacity to assess budgets at regular intervals.
63. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 106
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For instance, RECCAP1 showed that large differences between estimates from top-down and bottom-up approaches could be reconciled when the lateral transfers of carbon from aquatic flows and trade are integrated into the regional budgets (Ciais et al.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 106- Captured
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For instance, RECCAP1 showed that large differences between estimates from top-down and bottom-up approaches could be reconciled when the lateral transfers of carbon from aquatic flows and trade are integrated into the regional budgets (Ciais et al.
64. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 107
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The different estimates by top-down, bottom-up or remotely sensed flux/ stock approaches for the North American region can, for the most part, be reconciled through an understanding and adjustments due to lateral transfers and differences in terminology and definitions, which is largely the motivation of RECCAP2.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 107- Captured
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The different estimates by top-down, bottom-up or remotely sensed flux/ stock approaches for the North American region can, for the most part, be reconciled through an understanding and adjustments due to lateral transfers and differences in terminology and definitions, which is largely the motivation of RECCAP2.
65. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 107
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The differences between top-down, bottom-up and data-driven approaches are reconciled in activities such as RECCAP2 through accounting of lateral aquatic and trade fluxes and addressing definitions that lead to double counting or missing processes.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 107- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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The differences between top-down, bottom-up and data-driven approaches are reconciled in activities such as RECCAP2 through accounting of lateral aquatic and trade fluxes and addressing definitions that lead to double counting or missing processes.
66. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 110
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This was further consolidated with the release of the Commission's European Green Deal setting the targets for the European environment, economy and society to reach zero net emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in 2050.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 110- Captured
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This was further consolidated with the release of the Commission's European Green Deal setting the targets for the European environment, economy and society to reach zero net emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in 2050.
67. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 110
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Satellite data are from existing or new Copernicus Sentinel satellites (such as Sentinel-5P, Sentinel-5, and CO2M) and various other sensors from national and international space agencies.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 110- Captured
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Satellite data are from existing or new Copernicus Sentinel satellites (such as Sentinel-5P, Sentinel-5, and CO2M) and various other sensors from national and international space agencies.
68. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 112
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The main objective of the CO2MVS is to serve the policy sector at international, national and local scales, to help countries develop their own specific emission monitoring capabilities and to stimulate adoption by businesses and the finance sector within the framework of a green economy.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 112- Captured
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The main objective of the CO2MVS is to serve the policy sector at international, national and local scales, to help countries develop their own specific emission monitoring capabilities and to stimulate adoption by businesses and the finance sector within the framework of a green economy.
69. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 112
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The operational provision of well calibrated and continuously monitored satellite data by ESA for Sentinel-5P and EUMETSAT for the future Sentinel-5 and CO2M missions is key for the CO2MVS capacity service to become operational in 2026.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 112- Captured
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The operational provision of well calibrated and continuously monitored satellite data by ESA for Sentinel-5P and EUMETSAT for the future Sentinel-5 and CO2M missions is key for the CO2MVS capacity service to become operational in 2026.
70. CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023: Space Data for the Global Stocktake · PDF page 114
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In CoCO2, the CAMS global monitoring and forecasting system is being extended to form the core of the global component of the CO2MVS.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 114- Captured
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In CoCO2, the CAMS global monitoring and forecasting system is being extended to form the core of the global component of the CO2MVS.