Humanitarian aid

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UNRWA estimates that 70 per cent of the 2 million IDPs in the Gaza Strip at end-2024 were Palestine refugees under its mandate.

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Lebanon continues to be the highest, per capita, host country for refugees globally, with a government estimate of 1.5 million Syrians (some 755,400 registered by UNHCR) and 10,000 asylum-seekers and refugees of other nationalities.

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The figures in this report are based on data reported by governments, non governmental organizations, UNHCR and other UN agencies.

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As some adjustments may appear later in the year in the Refugee Data Finder,13 figures contained in this report should be considered as provisional and subject to change.

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There were 65.8 million new displacements in total during 2024, including 20.1 displacements due to conflict and violence and 45.8 million due to disasters.

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This estimates includes nowcasted figures for refugees under UNHCR’s mandate and asylum-seekers as of the end of April 2025.

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However, this figure has not been updated since June 2023, and therefore can no longer be included in UNHCR’s official statistics for end of 2024.

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Furthermore, Ukrainians that have been granted temporary protection may also have lodged individual asylum applications.

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These were Afghanistan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Lebanon, Myanmar, South Sudan, Syria and Ukraine.

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As of December 2024, 930,000 Sudanese were registered by UNHCR in Egypt as asylum-seekers.

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Almost 30,800 of them were registered as asylum-seekers by UNHCR and the remaining 198,000 are estimated based on the issuance of health cards in areas outside of Tripoli and are reported as people in a refugee-like situation.

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Operational estimates are higher with 557,000 people estimated to have fled Lebanon to Syria, 63 per cent of whom were Syrian.

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In addition, since February 2022, a number of Ukrainians have reached countries beyond Europe, where they are staying under various legal statuses.

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During 2024, 143,900 Afghans with family ties to registered refugees were reported as refugees and an additional 108,300 people in a refugee-like situation were registered as asylum-seekers.

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Globally, despite 2.9 million refugees projected to be in need of resettlement in 2025 – including over half a million Afghan refugees – the available resettlement quota has dropped sharply, from 195,069 in 2024 to just 31,281 in 2025.

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Some countries have recently introduced restrictions include more stringent language tests for foreigners seeking to stay in the country; rejecting applications for citizenship depending on how refugees have arrived in the country as well as extending the minimum residency period required for citizenship applications by several years.

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More than 100,000 people are estimated to have crossed into Syria, following the intensification of Israeli airstrikes in Lebanon since September 2024, including Syrians and Lebanese.

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See: Syria governorates of return overview as of 15 May 2025, UNHCR.

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See: Syria governorates IDPs and IDP returnee’s overview 8 May 2025, UNHCR.

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UNHCR is also scaling up communication with refugee communities, including through helplines, intention surveys and websites,70 to both See: Alrababah, Ala and Marine Casalis, (2024).

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Syria continues to be affected by attacks and violence in parts of the country; large-scale internal displacement; contamination of many parts of the country with explosive remnants of war; a devastated economy and a large-scale humanitarian crisis, with over 16 million already in need of humanitarian assistance before the recent developments.

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Sadeqa and her son are among Rohingya refugees rescued in South Aceh, in October 2024, after enduring weeks at sea, making a perilous journey from Bangladesh.

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“We are searching for a place where we can live in peace,” says Sadeqa.

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The source of the estimated number of refugees who fled since 2021 to India and remain in the country is the State Governments, Community based organizations and UNHCR registration.

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In Thailand, the number of new arrivals is not available, but the Operation Centre for Displaced Persons, Ministry of Interior of Thailand, estimates that 52,000 refugees fled Myanmar and subsequently returned home from Thailand’s Temporary Safety Areas.

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See Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Mocha, May 2023, Myanmar: Global Rapid Post-Disaster Damage Estimation (GRADE) Report, Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) and World Bank.

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The proportion in settlements includes formal settlements, informal settlements, collective centres and transit centres.

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See Ensuring everyone counts: working together to include stateless and displaced persons in civil registration systems, UNHCR and Towards the realization of the regional vision for inclusive civil registration and vital statistics systems, United Nations.

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The protection indicators including gender-based violence, education and access to services in this section are based on Project 21 data unless otherwise mentioned.

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Microdata are accessible at UNHCR Microdata Library: Burkina Faso (household and key informant data), Cameroon (household and key informant data), Chad (household and key informant data), Mali (household and key informant data) and Niger (household and key informant data).

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The mural shows the brighter side of life, where hands of support are extended to refugees, symbolizing harmony, connection, and peace.

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In the Forced Displacement Survey, host community is defined as “nationals who live in proximity to refugees/asylum-seekers”.

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The socio-economic or health related characteristics or access to health services of the host community may differ from refugees and the general population of the host country.

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The data for Cameroon and Pakistan will be published on the UNHCR Microdata Library.

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Data for Cameroon and Pakistan will be published on UNHCR’s Microdata Library.

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The proportion in camps or settlements includes formal settlements, informal settlements, collective centres and transit centres.

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The statistics represent consultations by healthcare personnel in UNHCR-supported health facilities, but not psychological support provided in other settings.

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Refugees face harsh conditions that can put their mental health and wellbeing under significant stress.

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See Is legal status associated with mental illness among newly arrived refugees in Sweden: an epidemiological study, Delilovic et al.

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In 2024, 198,200 Sudanese were also reported in a refugee-like situation, primarily in Libya.

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These models are generated using the available demographic data for a country of origin as a starting point.

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Refugees face a situation that is drastically different from that of people remaining in their country of origin and birth rates in the country of origin are not necessarily indicative of refugee populations that have fled these same countries.

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SDG Indicator 10.7.4 identifies the proportion of a country’s population who become refugees or other people in need of international protection.134 Syria (19,100 people per 100,000 inhabitants), Venezuela (18,000 people per 100,000 inhabitants) and South Sudan (16,000 people per 100,000 inhabitants) have seen the greatest proportion of their national population become refugees.

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The indicator is computed as follows: [Number of refugees by country of origin at end-year / (End year population in country of origin + number of refugees by country of origin at end-year)] × 100,000.

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Iran hosts approximately 3.5 million refugees and people in a refugee-like situation who may require international protection.

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Returns are expected to increase in 2025, following the announcement by the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran in February 2025 that headcount slips will not be extended beyond 20 March 2025.

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At the end of 2024, an estimated 24.7 million refugees and other people in need of international protection were in a protracted situation, 200,700 less than the previous year.

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There are 44 Least Developed Countries classified by the United Nations Statistics Division.

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See Who is included in statistics on internal displacement?, UNHCR and What is the difference between population statistics for forcibly displaced and the population that UNHCR protects and/or assists?, UNHCR.

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Based on the countries in which these are reported, it is likely that the actual proportion of IDPs in urban areas is higher than the reported 42 per cent.

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The proportion of children among people displaced internally in Ukraine (24 per cent) is significantly higher than the proportion among the Ukrainian population as a whole (18 per cent).

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In October 2023, the family home of Gul Aqa, a day labourer and his six children was damaged following a series of devastating earthquakes in Herat.

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They are looking forward to moving into a new permanent two-room solar powered home, supported by UNHCR.

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She is part of the "Made by Refugees" initiative which has brought together refugee and asylum-seeking women from countries including Colombia, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Nigeria.

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In Bulgaria, Japan, Slovakia, South Africa and Yemen, the data on asylum applications is provided together without distinction between new, repeat and appeal applications.

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Ukrainians were granted temporary protection during 2024, 43,000 new individual asylum applications by Ukrainians were recorded, an increase of 26 per cent.171 See footnote 19.

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Alyssa and her mother are refugees from Myanmar who fled to Malaysia in 2018 with the rest of their family.

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The family has found hope for the children’s education in Malaysia, encouraging both Alyssa and her brother to stay in school and work towards a brighter future.

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With the onset of the Sudan crisis in 2023, many South Sudanese residing in Sudan were compelled to return to their country of origin due to escalating insecurity and economic challenges.

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The number of refugee returns to Ukraine is estimated using IOM’s “Returns Report — General Population Survey” and “Internal Displacement Report — General Population Survey”, Round 19.

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It wasn’t until Adolat sought employment at a local school as a cleaner that she realized she was undocumented and at risk of being stateless.

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With the support and counselling by a UNHCR partner, Adolat collected the necessary documents, received cash assistance and, after years of uncertainty, finally obtained her Tajik passport.

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The countries reporting stateless populations for the first time are Lebanon, Namibia and Panama.

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Colombia, Cuba and Malta have all reported stateless populations previously but did not in 2023.

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The reduction relates to a review of the methodology and the use of available up-to-date data sources.

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The total statelessness figure includes 589,800 stateless persons reported by the Royal Thai Government and registered with the national civil registration system by the end of 2024.

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It will come into force once it has been ratified by 15 African Union Member States.195 In October 2024, UNHCR launched the Global Alliance to End Statelessness.196 As of May 2025, the Alliance encompasses 141 States and organizations as members and reflects a whole-of-society approach, bringing together governments, regional intergovernmental organisations, UN agencies, civil society, stateless-led and faith-based organizations, academia and other stakeholders in coordinated action.

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See the Global Alliance to End Statelessness which includes 23 governments, 11 regional/intergovernmental bodies, 4 UN agencies, 16 stateless-led groups, 66 civil society NGOs, 7 academic institutions, 5 faith-based organizations and others.

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Staying in warm shelters without worrying about water leaking and playing outside without falling in the mud are their only wishes.

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Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.

python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom044_t07_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>

Despite the challenges, many of them still spread hope with their smiles and small wishes. "I love seeing every drop of rain; winter is my favourite season," Batool said.

Evidence card JSONRendered card