CLAIMBOUND / SOURCE-PUBLICATION EVIDENCE
Maternal health
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1. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 4
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In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023
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- 2026-08-17
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In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services.
2. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 4
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If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023
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PDF page 4- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO).
3. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 4
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The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023
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PDF page 4- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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e2e6773eb78614e99707a9d658a54317d4fa122492318f5bb7e76cfd42dc7869- Reproduction
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The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”.
4. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 4
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In no event shall WHO be liable for damages arising from its use.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023
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PDF page 4- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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e2e6773eb78614e99707a9d658a54317d4fa122492318f5bb7e76cfd42dc7869- Reproduction
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In no event shall WHO be liable for damages arising from its use.
5. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 9
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Foreword Since the turn of the century, the world has made huge strides against maternal mortality: a 40% reduction between 2000 and 2023.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023
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PDF page 9- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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Foreword Since the turn of the century, the world has made huge strides against maternal mortality: a 40% reduction between 2000 and 2023.
6. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 9
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This report presents more good news: in 2023, for the first time, no countries fell into the extremely high maternal mortality category (defined as over 1000 maternal deaths per 100 000 live births).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023
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PDF page 9- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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e2e6773eb78614e99707a9d658a54317d4fa122492318f5bb7e76cfd42dc7869- Reproduction
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This report presents more good news: in 2023, for the first time, no countries fell into the extremely high maternal mortality category (defined as over 1000 maternal deaths per 100 000 live births).
7. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 9
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For example, countries including Rwanda and Sri Lanka have reduced maternal mortality dramatically by expanding midwifery services and improving rural healthcare access – strategies that can be shared and adapted to other contexts.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023
- Section locator
PDF page 9- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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e2e6773eb78614e99707a9d658a54317d4fa122492318f5bb7e76cfd42dc7869- Reproduction
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For example, countries including Rwanda and Sri Lanka have reduced maternal mortality dramatically by expanding midwifery services and improving rural healthcare access – strategies that can be shared and adapted to other contexts.
8. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 9
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For instance, the use of a simple, low-cost device called a ‘drape’, combined with WHO-recommended treatments, has been shown to reduce severe bleeding from postpartum haemorrhage by 60%, saving many lives.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023
- Section locator
PDF page 9- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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e2e6773eb78614e99707a9d658a54317d4fa122492318f5bb7e76cfd42dc7869- Reproduction
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For instance, the use of a simple, low-cost device called a ‘drape’, combined with WHO-recommended treatments, has been shown to reduce severe bleeding from postpartum haemorrhage by 60%, saving many lives.
9. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 9
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Despite these gains, progress has slowed since 2016, and reductions in maternal mortality are still far too slow to meet the targets in the Sustainable Development Goals.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023
- Section locator
PDF page 9- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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e2e6773eb78614e99707a9d658a54317d4fa122492318f5bb7e76cfd42dc7869- Reproduction
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Despite these gains, progress has slowed since 2016, and reductions in maternal mortality are still far too slow to meet the targets in the Sustainable Development Goals.
10. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 9
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Numbers can numb us, but it is crucial that we not normalize these events, when we know that nearly all the women in this report could have survived pregnancy and childbirth, if they had had sufficient access to lifesaving care before, during, and after delivery.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023
- Section locator
PDF page 9- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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e2e6773eb78614e99707a9d658a54317d4fa122492318f5bb7e76cfd42dc7869- Reproduction
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Numbers can numb us, but it is crucial that we not normalize these events, when we know that nearly all the women in this report could have survived pregnancy and childbirth, if they had had sufficient access to lifesaving care before, during, and after delivery.
11. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 9
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A woman in sub-Saharan Africa is 400 times more likely to die in childbirth than a woman in Australia and New Zealand.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023
- Section locator
PDF page 9- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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e2e6773eb78614e99707a9d658a54317d4fa122492318f5bb7e76cfd42dc7869- Reproduction
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A woman in sub-Saharan Africa is 400 times more likely to die in childbirth than a woman in Australia and New Zealand.
12. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 10
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Thanks are due to Jennifer Harris Requejo for her review of the draft document, which was conducted on behalf of the Global Financing Facility for Women, Children and Adolescents, World Bank Group.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023
- Section locator
PDF page 10- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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e2e6773eb78614e99707a9d658a54317d4fa122492318f5bb7e76cfd42dc7869- Reproduction
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Thanks are due to Jennifer Harris Requejo for her review of the draft document, which was conducted on behalf of the Global Financing Facility for Women, Children and Adolescents, World Bank Group.
13. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 10
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All lists of names are given in alphabetical order by last name.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023
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PDF page 10- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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e2e6773eb78614e99707a9d658a54317d4fa122492318f5bb7e76cfd42dc7869- Reproduction
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All lists of names are given in alphabetical order by last name.
14. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 11
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Thanks are also due to all government technical focal persons for maternal mortality and the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) focal persons for many of the countries, who reviewed the preliminary maternal mortality estimates and provided valuable feedback and input.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023
- Section locator
PDF page 11- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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Thanks are also due to all government technical focal persons for maternal mortality and the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) focal persons for many of the countries, who reviewed the preliminary maternal mortality estimates and provided valuable feedback and input.
15. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 11
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The tasks of managing the data, running the statistical models and producing the country profiles were all undertaken by Sahar Ahmed and Jenny Cresswell, of the SRH Department, and Leontine Alkema, of the Department of Biostatistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023
- Section locator
PDF page 11- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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e2e6773eb78614e99707a9d658a54317d4fa122492318f5bb7e76cfd42dc7869- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
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The tasks of managing the data, running the statistical models and producing the country profiles were all undertaken by Sahar Ahmed and Jenny Cresswell, of the SRH Department, and Leontine Alkema, of the Department of Biostatistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA.
16. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 11
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Financial support was provided by the WHO Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research (SRH), including HRP (the UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction), and also by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023
- Section locator
PDF page 11- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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e2e6773eb78614e99707a9d658a54317d4fa122492318f5bb7e76cfd42dc7869- Reproduction
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Financial support was provided by the WHO Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research (SRH), including HRP (the UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction), and also by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
17. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 11
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For any further information relating to this report, you may contact Jenny Cresswell (email: cresswellj@who.int) and Lale Say (email: sayl@who.int) of the WHO SRH Department and HRP.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023
- Section locator
PDF page 11- Captured
- 2026-08-17
- Source SHA-256
e2e6773eb78614e99707a9d658a54317d4fa122492318f5bb7e76cfd42dc7869- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
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For any further information relating to this report, you may contact Jenny Cresswell (email: cresswellj@who.int) and Lale Say (email: sayl@who.int) of the WHO SRH Department and HRP.
18. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 14
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Nikolett Mitala and Orsolya Heim are cousins living in Budapest, Hungary.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023
- Section locator
PDF page 14- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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e2e6773eb78614e99707a9d658a54317d4fa122492318f5bb7e76cfd42dc7869- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
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Nikolett Mitala and Orsolya Heim are cousins living in Budapest, Hungary.
19. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 16
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In addition to 193 WHO Member States, the data include Puerto Rico, which is an Associate Member, and the occupied Palestinian territory, including east Jerusalem, which is a member in the Regional Committee for the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023
- Section locator
PDF page 16- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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e2e6773eb78614e99707a9d658a54317d4fa122492318f5bb7e76cfd42dc7869- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
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In addition to 193 WHO Member States, the data include Puerto Rico, which is an Associate Member, and the occupied Palestinian territory, including east Jerusalem, which is a member in the Regional Committee for the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region.
20. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 20
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The COVID-19 pandemic was a global crisis that fell within the time range of the current estimates.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023
- Section locator
PDF page 20- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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e2e6773eb78614e99707a9d658a54317d4fa122492318f5bb7e76cfd42dc7869- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
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Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom024_t02_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
The COVID-19 pandemic was a global crisis that fell within the time range of the current estimates.
21. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 25
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For countries with an MMR greater than 420 in 2010: the rate of decline should be steeper so that in 2030, no country has an MMR greater than 140.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023
- Section locator
PDF page 25- Captured
- 2026-08-17
- Source SHA-256
e2e6773eb78614e99707a9d658a54317d4fa122492318f5bb7e76cfd42dc7869- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
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python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom024_t03_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
For countries with an MMR greater than 420 in 2010: the rate of decline should be steeper so that in 2030, no country has an MMR greater than 140.
22. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 26
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ICD-11 (the 11th revision of the ICD) was adopted by the World Health Assembly in May 2019 and came into effect on 1 January 2022.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023
- Section locator
PDF page 26- Captured
- 2026-08-17
- Source SHA-256
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ICD-11 (the 11th revision of the ICD) was adopted by the World Health Assembly in May 2019 and came into effect on 1 January 2022.
23. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 26
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At the time of developing the MMR estimates presented in this report, no Member State had reported data using the ICD-11 system.
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At the time of developing the MMR estimates presented in this report, no Member State had reported data using the ICD-11 system.
24. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 26
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Information about ICD codes in this report therefore relates to ICD-10.
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Information about ICD codes in this report therefore relates to ICD-10.
25. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 26
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The ICD-11 rules can be accessed in the reference guide of ICD- 11 (13).
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The ICD-11 rules can be accessed in the reference guide of ICD- 11 (13).
26. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 28
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Improving maternal and newborn health and survival and reducing stillbirth: progress report 2023.
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Improving maternal and newborn health and survival and reducing stillbirth: progress report 2023.
27. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 28
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SCORE for health data technical package: global report on health data systems and capacity, 2020.
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SCORE for health data technical package: global report on health data systems and capacity, 2020.
28. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 32
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For HIV-related indirect maternal deaths, code O98.7 can be found in the 2019 version of ICD-10 and code JB63.7 can be found in ICD-11.
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For HIV-related indirect maternal deaths, code O98.7 can be found in the 2019 version of ICD-10 and code JB63.7 can be found in ICD-11.
29. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 33
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For this reason, these observations continue to be considered pregnancy-related deaths for the purposes of the estimates presented in this report.
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For this reason, these observations continue to be considered pregnancy-related deaths for the purposes of the estimates presented in this report.
30. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 33
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A death from sequelae of obstetric causes that fits the definition “a death from any obstetric cause (direct or indirect) occurring one year or more after delivery” is coded as JB62 in ICD-11.
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A death from sequelae of obstetric causes that fits the definition “a death from any obstetric cause (direct or indirect) occurring one year or more after delivery” is coded as JB62 in ICD-11.
31. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 34
Narrow public claim
ICD-11, Part 2, section 2.28.5.7: “International reporting of maternal mortality: For the purpose of the international reporting of maternal mortality, only those maternal deaths occurring before the end of the 42-day reference period should be included in the calculation of the various ratios and rates, although the recording of later deaths is useful for national analytical purposes” (1).
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ICD-11, Part 2, section 2.28.5.7: “International reporting of maternal mortality: For the purpose of the international reporting of maternal mortality, only those maternal deaths occurring before the end of the 42-day reference period should be included in the calculation of the various ratios and rates, although the recording of later deaths is useful for national analytical purposes” (1).
32. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 34
Narrow public claim
Late maternal deaths (coded O96 in ICD-10 and JB61 in ICD-11) and death from sequelae of obstetric causes (coded O97 in ICD-10 and JB62 in ICD-11) are also of interest for national- and international-level analysis but are not reported in this publication.
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Late maternal deaths (coded O96 in ICD-10 and JB61 in ICD-11) and death from sequelae of obstetric causes (coded O97 in ICD-10 and JB62 in ICD-11) are also of interest for national- and international-level analysis but are not reported in this publication.
33. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 35
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Incompleteness and misclassification are often referred to collectively or individually as “underreporting”.
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Incompleteness and misclassification are often referred to collectively or individually as “underreporting”.
34. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 35
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Errors of reporting affect all data and the concepts are defined here in Box 2.2.
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Errors of reporting affect all data and the concepts are defined here in Box 2.2.
35. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 35
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Specificity (Sp) is defined as the proportion of correctly classified non-maternal deaths out of all true non-maternal deaths.
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Specificity (Sp) is defined as the proportion of correctly classified non-maternal deaths out of all true non-maternal deaths.
36. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 35
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This can arise due to incomplete identification/ registration of individual deaths in each country and/or incomplete coverage of the national registration system within each country.
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This can arise due to incomplete identification/ registration of individual deaths in each country and/or incomplete coverage of the national registration system within each country.
37. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 38
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Though ICD-11 came into effect on 1 January 2022, ICD-10 was in use for the period of observation in this report.
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Though ICD-11 came into effect on 1 January 2022, ICD-10 was in use for the period of observation in this report.
38. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 38
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The ICD-10 codes included for the purposes of the MMEIG MMR estimates are the obstetric (“O”) codes except for O96 and O97 (late maternal deaths), and A34 (maternal tetanus).
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The ICD-10 codes included for the purposes of the MMEIG MMR estimates are the obstetric (“O”) codes except for O96 and O97 (late maternal deaths), and A34 (maternal tetanus).
39. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 40
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These studies either directly validate CRVS data, or provide the number of true maternal deaths for a country-year for which there is an eligible CRVS observation.
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These studies either directly validate CRVS data, or provide the number of true maternal deaths for a country-year for which there is an eligible CRVS observation.
40. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 40
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These studies are used in the MMEIG BMis model to generate CRVS adjustment factors (see section 3.4.1).
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These studies are used in the MMEIG BMis model to generate CRVS adjustment factors (see section 3.4.1).
41. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 43
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These models are broken down into global and “one-country” implementations.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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These models are broken down into global and “one-country” implementations.
42. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 45
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The BMis model is described in more detail by Peterson et al.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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The BMis model is described in more detail by Peterson et al.
43. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 46
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Estimation and projection of maternal mortality indicators was undertaken using the BMat model.
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Estimation and projection of maternal mortality indicators was undertaken using the BMat model.
44. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 47
Narrow public claim
The second set of graphs shows MMR and PM estimates for Country B – a country that does not have CRVS data, but has data from one survey (see section 3.1.1 for descriptions of these different data sources).
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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The second set of graphs shows MMR and PM estimates for Country B – a country that does not have CRVS data, but has data from one survey (see section 3.1.1 for descriptions of these different data sources).
45. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 47
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In contrast, Country B has one survey data point available reporting on a seven-year period (2005–2012).
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In contrast, Country B has one survey data point available reporting on a seven-year period (2005–2012).
46. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 47
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For the years after 2012, the estimates are based on covariate information.
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For the years after 2012, the estimates are based on covariate information.
47. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 50
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Additional uncertainty was added to each country year-specific COVID MMR.
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Additional uncertainty was added to each country year-specific COVID MMR.
48. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 50
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For the purpose of crisis-year estimation, COVID-19 is estimated separately from other epidemics.
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For the purpose of crisis-year estimation, COVID-19 is estimated separately from other epidemics.
49. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 50
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Although by definition PM refers strictly to maternal deaths (and the model is based on this definition), some observed PMs are based on the definition of pregnancy-related deaths (which includes but is not limited to maternal deaths; see definitions in Chapter 2).
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Although by definition PM refers strictly to maternal deaths (and the model is based on this definition), some observed PMs are based on the definition of pregnancy-related deaths (which includes but is not limited to maternal deaths; see definitions in Chapter 2).
50. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 53
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DHS maternal mortality indicators: an assessment of data quality and implications for data use (DHS Analytical Report No.
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DHS maternal mortality indicators: an assessment of data quality and implications for data use (DHS Analytical Report No.
51. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 53
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A new method for deriving global estimates of maternal mortality: supplemental report.
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A new method for deriving global estimates of maternal mortality: supplemental report.
52. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 53
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Levels & trends in child mortality: report 2018: estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation.
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Levels & trends in child mortality: report 2018: estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation.
53. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 56
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Box 4.1 Accurately interpreting point estimates and uncertainty intervals All maternal mortality indicators in this report include a point estimate and an 80% uncertainty interval (UI).
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Box 4.1 Accurately interpreting point estimates and uncertainty intervals All maternal mortality indicators in this report include a point estimate and an 80% uncertainty interval (UI).
54. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 56
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For those indicators where only point estimates are reported in the text or tables, UIs can be obtained from supplementary material online.a The 80% UIs computed for all the estimates provide the 10th and 90th percentiles of the posterior distributions.
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For those indicators where only point estimates are reported in the text or tables, UIs can be obtained from supplementary material online.a The 80% UIs computed for all the estimates provide the 10th and 90th percentiles of the posterior distributions.
55. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 56
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This was chosen rather than the more standard 95% UIs because of the substantial uncertainty inherent in maternal mortality outcomes.
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This was chosen rather than the more standard 95% UIs because of the substantial uncertainty inherent in maternal mortality outcomes.
56. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 56
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There is a 50% chance that the true 2023 global MMR lies above 197, and a 50% chance that the true value lies below 197.
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There is a 50% chance that the true 2023 global MMR lies above 197, and a 50% chance that the true value lies below 197.
57. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 56
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There is a 10% chance that the true 2023 global MMR lies above 234, and a 10% chance that the true value lies below 174.
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There is a 10% chance that the true 2023 global MMR lies above 234, and a 10% chance that the true value lies below 174.
58. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 59
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(first published in 2007) that no SDG region had a very high MMR.
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(first published in 2007) that no SDG region had a very high MMR.
59. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 63
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In 2000, there were 6760 HIV-related indirect maternal deaths representing 1.5% of all deaths, and the HIV-related MMR was 5.
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In 2000, there were 6760 HIV-related indirect maternal deaths representing 1.5% of all deaths, and the HIV-related MMR was 5.
60. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 63
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In 2023, the number of HIV-related indirect maternal deaths had fallen to 1354 deaths, or 0.6% of all maternal deaths, and the MMR was 1.
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In 2023, the number of HIV-related indirect maternal deaths had fallen to 1354 deaths, or 0.6% of all maternal deaths, and the MMR was 1.
61. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 75
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Estimates for the COVID-19 period should be interpreted with caution.
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Estimates for the COVID-19 period should be interpreted with caution.
62. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 79
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Forty-third World Health Assembly, Geneva, 7–17 May 1990: resolutions and decisions, annexes.
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Forty-third World Health Assembly, Geneva, 7–17 May 1990: resolutions and decisions, annexes.
63. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 86
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Puerto Rico is an Associate Member, and the occupied Palestinian territory, including east Jerusalem, is a member in the Regional Committee for the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (3).
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Puerto Rico is an Associate Member, and the occupied Palestinian territory, including east Jerusalem, is a member in the Regional Committee for the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (3).
64. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 88
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Types of reporting errors encountered in CRVS systems Definitions of reporting errors are summarized in Box A2.1 and discussed further below.
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Types of reporting errors encountered in CRVS systems Definitions of reporting errors are summarized in Box A2.1 and discussed further below.
65. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 88
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Specificity (Sp) is defined as the proportion of correctly classified non-maternal deaths out of all true non-maternal deaths. ▶ Incompleteness Incompleteness refers to incomplete death registration.
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Specificity (Sp) is defined as the proportion of correctly classified non-maternal deaths out of all true non-maternal deaths. ▶ Incompleteness Incompleteness refers to incomplete death registration.
66. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 93
Narrow public claim
The definition of this SBA coverage indicator was updated in a joint statement (and full background document) in 2018 (8), but the data used for the estimates presented in this present publication are based on application of the previous (2004) definition/joint statement (9), which was still in effect for most of the period from 2000 to 2020.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 93- Captured
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The definition of this SBA coverage indicator was updated in a joint statement (and full background document) in 2018 (8), but the data used for the estimates presented in this present publication are based on application of the previous (2004) definition/joint statement (9), which was still in effect for most of the period from 2000 to 2020.
67. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 94
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Countries included in all tables presented in this report (195 countries) are WHO Member States (except Niue due to there having been some years when no deaths occurred to women aged 15–49 in the country), plus Puerto Rico, a WHO Associate Member, and the occupied Palestinian territory, including east Jerusalem (a member in the Regional Committee for the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region).
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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Countries included in all tables presented in this report (195 countries) are WHO Member States (except Niue due to there having been some years when no deaths occurred to women aged 15–49 in the country), plus Puerto Rico, a WHO Associate Member, and the occupied Palestinian territory, including east Jerusalem (a member in the Regional Committee for the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region).
68. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 101
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Nicaragua continues to strengthen its health information system and has adopted the Búsqueda intencionada y reclasificación de muertes maternas (BIRMM) which may allow for future classification as a specialized study on maternal mortality to improve the country’s estimates. ᵉ This document was prepared using WHO’s policies and terminology.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
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- Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023
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PDF page 101- Captured
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Nicaragua continues to strengthen its health information system and has adopted the Búsqueda intencionada y reclasificación de muertes maternas (BIRMM) which may allow for future classification as a specialized study on maternal mortality to improve the country’s estimates. ᵉ This document was prepared using WHO’s policies and terminology.
69. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 111
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World 174 197 234 260 000 272 8.9 PM: proportion of deaths among women of reproductive age (15–49 years) that are due to maternal causes (expressed as a percentage).
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 111- Captured
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World 174 197 234 260 000 272 8.9 PM: proportion of deaths among women of reproductive age (15–49 years) that are due to maternal causes (expressed as a percentage).
70. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023 · PDF page 130
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Report of the Inter-Agency and Expert Group on Sustainable Development Goal Indicators.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 130- Captured
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Report of the Inter-Agency and Expert Group on Sustainable Development Goal Indicators.