CLAIMBOUND / SOURCE-PUBLICATION EVIDENCE
Public budgets
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1. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 8
Narrow public claim
“Basis points” refers to hundredths of 1 percentage point (for example, 25 basis points are equivalent to ¼ of percentage point).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 8- Captured
- 2026-08-17
- Source SHA-256
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“Basis points” refers to hundredths of 1 percentage point (for example, 25 basis points are equivalent to ¼ of percentage point).
2. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 8
Narrow public claim
As used in this publication, the term “country” does not in all cases refer to a territorial entity that is a state as understood by international law and practice.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 8- Captured
- 2026-08-17
- Source SHA-256
584aab438fb6762ef03740535611e559aee8d5661b3b8f6ae1740265ef3a87f6- Reproduction
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As used in this publication, the term “country” does not in all cases refer to a territorial entity that is a state as understood by international law and practice.
3. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 9
Narrow public claim
Corrections and Revisions The data and analysis appearing in the Fiscal Monitor are compiled by IMF staff at the time of publication.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 9- Captured
- 2026-08-17
- Source SHA-256
584aab438fb6762ef03740535611e559aee8d5661b3b8f6ae1740265ef3a87f6- Reproduction
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Corrections and Revisions The data and analysis appearing in the Fiscal Monitor are compiled by IMF staff at the time of publication.
4. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 9
Narrow public claim
Digital Multiple digital editions of the Fiscal Monitor, including ePub, enhanced PDF, and HTML, are available on the IMF eLibrary at www.elibrary.imf.org/APR24FM.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 9- Captured
- 2026-08-17
- Source SHA-256
584aab438fb6762ef03740535611e559aee8d5661b3b8f6ae1740265ef3a87f6- Reproduction
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Digital Multiple digital editions of the Fiscal Monitor, including ePub, enhanced PDF, and HTML, are available on the IMF eLibrary at www.elibrary.imf.org/APR24FM.
5. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 10
Narrow public claim
The fiscal projections incorporate policy measures that are judged by the IMF staff as likely to be implemented.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 10- Captured
- 2026-08-17
- Source SHA-256
584aab438fb6762ef03740535611e559aee8d5661b3b8f6ae1740265ef3a87f6- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
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python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom040_t01_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
The fiscal projections incorporate policy measures that are judged by the IMF staff as likely to be implemented.
6. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 10
Narrow public claim
Details on the composition of the groups, as well as country-specific assumptions, can be found in the Methodological and Statistical Appendix of the April 2024 Fiscal Monitor.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 10- Captured
- 2026-08-17
- Source SHA-256
584aab438fb6762ef03740535611e559aee8d5661b3b8f6ae1740265ef3a87f6- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
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Details on the composition of the groups, as well as country-specific assumptions, can be found in the Methodological and Statistical Appendix of the April 2024 Fiscal Monitor.
7. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 10
Narrow public claim
The main authors of Chapter 1 in this issue are Marcos Poplawski-Ribeiro (team lead) and Jiae Yoo (team co-lead), Hamid Davoodi, Enrico Di Gregorio, Carlos Eduardo Gonçalves, Gabriel Hegab, Youssouf Kiendrebeogo, and Nicola Pierri, with contributions from Fritz Florian Bachmair, Nick Carroll, Shafik Hebous, Gee Hee Hong, Raphael Lam, Goesta Ljungman, Mario Mansour, Anh Dinh Minh Nguyen, Alessandro Scipioni, Mauricio Soto, and Charles Vellutini, with research support from Victoria Haver and Chenlu Zhang.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 10- Captured
- 2026-08-17
- Source SHA-256
584aab438fb6762ef03740535611e559aee8d5661b3b8f6ae1740265ef3a87f6- Reproduction
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The main authors of Chapter 1 in this issue are Marcos Poplawski-Ribeiro (team lead) and Jiae Yoo (team co-lead), Hamid Davoodi, Enrico Di Gregorio, Carlos Eduardo Gonçalves, Gabriel Hegab, Youssouf Kiendrebeogo, and Nicola Pierri, with contributions from Fritz Florian Bachmair, Nick Carroll, Shafik Hebous, Gee Hee Hong, Raphael Lam, Goesta Ljungman, Mario Mansour, Anh Dinh Minh Nguyen, Alessandro Scipioni, Mauricio Soto, and Charles Vellutini, with research support from Victoria Haver and Chenlu Zhang.
8. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 10
Narrow public claim
The main authors of Chapter are Daniel Garcia-Macia (team lead) and Li Liu (team co-lead), Alexandre Balduino Sollaci, Simon Black, Fernanda Brollo, Paolo Dudine, Tibor Hanappi, Salma Khalid, Anh Dinh Minh Nguyen, Roberto Piazza, Nicola Pierri, Alexandra Solovyeva, and Nate Vernon, with research support from Victoria Haver and Zhonghao Wei.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 10- Captured
- 2026-08-17
- Source SHA-256
584aab438fb6762ef03740535611e559aee8d5661b3b8f6ae1740265ef3a87f6- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
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The main authors of Chapter are Daniel Garcia-Macia (team lead) and Li Liu (team co-lead), Alexandre Balduino Sollaci, Simon Black, Fernanda Brollo, Paolo Dudine, Tibor Hanappi, Salma Khalid, Anh Dinh Minh Nguyen, Roberto Piazza, Nicola Pierri, Alexandra Solovyeva, and Nate Vernon, with research support from Victoria Haver and Zhonghao Wei.
9. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 18
Narrow public claim
Monetary policy is tightening (loosening) if the annual change in the central bank policy rate is positive (negative or zero).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 18- Captured
- 2026-08-17
- Source SHA-256
584aab438fb6762ef03740535611e559aee8d5661b3b8f6ae1740265ef3a87f6- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
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python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom040_t01_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
Monetary policy is tightening (loosening) if the annual change in the central bank policy rate is positive (negative or zero).
10. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 20
Narrow public claim
Data for the United States in this table may thus differ from data published by the US Bureau of Economic Analysis.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 20- Captured
- 2026-08-17
- Source SHA-256
584aab438fb6762ef03740535611e559aee8d5661b3b8f6ae1740265ef3a87f6- Reproduction
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Data for the United States in this table may thus differ from data published by the US Bureau of Economic Analysis.
11. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 20
Narrow public claim
China’s deficit and public debt numbers presented in this table cover a narrower perimeter of the general government than the IMF staff estimates in China Article IV reports (see IMF 2024 for a reconciliation of the two estimates).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 20- Captured
- 2026-08-17
- Source SHA-256
584aab438fb6762ef03740535611e559aee8d5661b3b8f6ae1740265ef3a87f6- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
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python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom040_t02_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
China’s deficit and public debt numbers presented in this table cover a narrower perimeter of the general government than the IMF staff estimates in China Article IV reports (see IMF 2024 for a reconciliation of the two estimates).
12. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 21
Narrow public claim
Gross and net debt averages do not include the debt incurred by the European Union and used to finance the grants portion of the NextGenerationEU package.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 21- Captured
- 2026-08-17
- Source SHA-256
584aab438fb6762ef03740535611e559aee8d5661b3b8f6ae1740265ef3a87f6- Reproduction
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Gross and net debt averages do not include the debt incurred by the European Union and used to finance the grants portion of the NextGenerationEU package.
13. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 21
Narrow public claim
Debt incurred by the European Union and used to onlend to member states is included within member state debt data and regional aggregates.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 21- Captured
- 2026-08-17
- Source SHA-256
584aab438fb6762ef03740535611e559aee8d5661b3b8f6ae1740265ef3a87f6- Reproduction
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Debt incurred by the European Union and used to onlend to member states is included within member state debt data and regional aggregates.
14. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 21
Narrow public claim
For cross-economy comparability, gross and net debt levels reported by national statistical agencies for economies that have adopted the 2008 System of National Accounts (Australia, Canada, Hong Kong SAR, United States) are adjusted to exclude unfunded pension liabilities of government employees’ defined-benefit pension plans.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 21- Captured
- 2026-08-17
- Source SHA-256
584aab438fb6762ef03740535611e559aee8d5661b3b8f6ae1740265ef3a87f6- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
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python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom040_t02_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
For cross-economy comparability, gross and net debt levels reported by national statistical agencies for economies that have adopted the 2008 System of National Accounts (Australia, Canada, Hong Kong SAR, United States) are adjusted to exclude unfunded pension liabilities of government employees’ defined-benefit pension plans.
15. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 22
Narrow public claim
Further, the Treasury’s plans to issue more debt, coinciding with quantitative tightening, likely contributed to heightened volatility in bond markets and a rise in term premiums (see Chapter 1 of the October 2023 and April 2024 Global Financial Stability Reports).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 22- Captured
- 2026-08-17
- Source SHA-256
584aab438fb6762ef03740535611e559aee8d5661b3b8f6ae1740265ef3a87f6- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
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python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom040_t02_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
Further, the Treasury’s plans to issue more debt, coinciding with quantitative tightening, likely contributed to heightened volatility in bond markets and a rise in term premiums (see Chapter 1 of the October 2023 and April 2024 Global Financial Stability Reports).
16. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 22
Narrow public claim
The estimation of nominal term premiums uses the methodology based on Adrian, Crump, and Moench (2013).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 22- Captured
- 2026-08-17
- Source SHA-256
584aab438fb6762ef03740535611e559aee8d5661b3b8f6ae1740265ef3a87f6- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
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The estimation of nominal term premiums uses the methodology based on Adrian, Crump, and Moench (2013).
17. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 24
Narrow public claim
The dotted line reports a linear regression of the chart data points.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 24- Captured
- 2026-08-17
- Source SHA-256
584aab438fb6762ef03740535611e559aee8d5661b3b8f6ae1740265ef3a87f6- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
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The dotted line reports a linear regression of the chart data points.
18. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 25
Narrow public claim
The narrower perimeter excludes the remaining third of LGFV debt, which is categorized as government guaranteed debt or “possible to be recognized debt,” as well as debt tied to special construction and government-guided funds.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 25- Captured
- 2026-08-17
- Source SHA-256
584aab438fb6762ef03740535611e559aee8d5661b3b8f6ae1740265ef3a87f6- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
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Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom040_t02_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
The narrower perimeter excludes the remaining third of LGFV debt, which is categorized as government guaranteed debt or “possible to be recognized debt,” as well as debt tied to special construction and government-guided funds.
19. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 27
Narrow public claim
In those panels, beyond the income group averages, data for select economies or regional averages are further displayed.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 27- Captured
- 2026-08-17
- Source SHA-256
584aab438fb6762ef03740535611e559aee8d5661b3b8f6ae1740265ef3a87f6- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
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Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom040_t02_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
In those panels, beyond the income group averages, data for select economies or regional averages are further displayed.
20. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 29
Narrow public claim
The panel estimates use the generalized method of moments estimator.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 29- Captured
- 2026-08-17
- Source SHA-256
584aab438fb6762ef03740535611e559aee8d5661b3b8f6ae1740265ef3a87f6- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom040_t02_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
The panel estimates use the generalized method of moments estimator.
21. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 30
Narrow public claim
The vertical axis reports the mean share of platform statements by policy realm in which a party potentially advocates for more government spending or support.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 30- Captured
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The vertical axis reports the mean share of platform statements by policy realm in which a party potentially advocates for more government spending or support.
22. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 30
Narrow public claim
“Social” includes support for the welfare state (for example, health, child, and elder care; pensions; and social housing) and education.
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- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
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PDF page 30- Captured
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“Social” includes support for the welfare state (for example, health, child, and elder care; pensions; and social housing) and education.
23. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 31
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For low-income and developing countries, climate policies include spending only on adaptation.
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- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
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PDF page 31- Captured
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For low-income and developing countries, climate policies include spending only on adaptation.
24. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 32
Narrow public claim
Debt risks have already materialized in many emerging market and developing economies as the number of countries in debt distress in that group almost quadrupled in seven years: from 5 in 2016 to in 2023.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
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PDF page 32- Captured
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Debt risks have already materialized in many emerging market and developing economies as the number of countries in debt distress in that group almost quadrupled in seven years: from 5 in 2016 to in 2023.
25. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 32
Narrow public claim
Furthermore, at least 11 countries in that group have defaulted on at least a part of their external debt service since 2020.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
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PDF page 32- Captured
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Furthermore, at least 11 countries in that group have defaulted on at least a part of their external debt service since 2020.
26. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 32
Narrow public claim
Concurrently, spending remained high as a result of legacies of crisis-era fiscal measures to address the COVID-19 pandemic and the introduction of new fiscal support measures in many countries.
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- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
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PDF page 32- Captured
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Concurrently, spending remained high as a result of legacies of crisis-era fiscal measures to address the COVID-19 pandemic and the introduction of new fiscal support measures in many countries.
27. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 32
Narrow public claim
Although gradual fiscal tightening is projected to resume in 2024, the risks of fiscal slippages are particularly acute during this “Great Election Year” when numerous elections will be held in countries across the world.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 32- Captured
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Although gradual fiscal tightening is projected to resume in 2024, the risks of fiscal slippages are particularly acute during this “Great Election Year” when numerous elections will be held in countries across the world.
28. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 33
Narrow public claim
The weighted average uses as weights the size of each economy in current dollar values in 2023.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
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PDF page 33- Captured
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The weighted average uses as weights the size of each economy in current dollar values in 2023.
29. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 36
Narrow public claim
However, nearly all this progress occurred before 2008, suggesting that recent shocks have posed significant challenges to mobilizing tax revenue and made sustained progress elusive.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
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PDF page 36- Captured
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However, nearly all this progress occurred before 2008, suggesting that recent shocks have posed significant challenges to mobilizing tax revenue and made sustained progress elusive.
30. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 37
Narrow public claim
While the baseline adjustment period is four years, countries committing to reforms that enhance economic resilience and growth, or strengthen fiscal sustainability, can extend it to seven years, thereby avoiding sharp annual fiscal adjustment.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
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PDF page 37- Captured
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While the baseline adjustment period is four years, countries committing to reforms that enhance economic resilience and growth, or strengthen fiscal sustainability, can extend it to seven years, thereby avoiding sharp annual fiscal adjustment.
31. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 43
Narrow public claim
Potential Rationales for Directing Innovation Target Rationale Green innovation Accelerate the development of green technologies, as current innovation can persistently determine the path of future technology.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
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PDF page 43- Captured
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Potential Rationales for Directing Innovation Target Rationale Green innovation Accelerate the development of green technologies, as current innovation can persistently determine the path of future technology.
32. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 43
Narrow public claim
Spillovers to other sectors Support sectors that generate more innovation spillovers to other sectors in order to lift productivity growth; laggard sectors can act as bottlenecks to aggregate growth.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
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PDF page 43- Captured
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Spillovers to other sectors Support sectors that generate more innovation spillovers to other sectors in order to lift productivity growth; laggard sectors can act as bottlenecks to aggregate growth.
33. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 44
Narrow public claim
This estimate assumes there is no misallocation of fiscal support.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
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PDF page 44- Captured
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This estimate assumes there is no misallocation of fiscal support.
34. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 45
Narrow public claim
Patents are attributed to countries based on the location of their inventors.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
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PDF page 45- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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Patents are attributed to countries based on the location of their inventors.
35. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 47
Narrow public claim
The R&D tax incentive rate is based on implicit effective subsidies.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
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PDF page 47- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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The R&D tax incentive rate is based on implicit effective subsidies.
36. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 48
Narrow public claim
Inconclusive Can have strong relocation effects Sources: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); and IMF staff estimates.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
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PDF page 48- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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Inconclusive Can have strong relocation effects Sources: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); and IMF staff estimates.
37. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 48
Narrow public claim
All coefficients in the table are statistically significant at the 95 percent confidence level.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
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PDF page 48- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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All coefficients in the table are statistically significant at the 95 percent confidence level.
38. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 50
Narrow public claim
Panel 2 shows average shares of real inward FDI in total inward FDI positions across country groups.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
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PDF page 50- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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Panel 2 shows average shares of real inward FDI in total inward FDI positions across country groups.
39. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 51
Narrow public claim
Estimates for services imports are obtained from a Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood panel regression for 70 emerging market and developing economies during 2009–21.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
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PDF page 51- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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Estimates for services imports are obtained from a Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood panel regression for 70 emerging market and developing economies during 2009–21.
40. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 51
Narrow public claim
Estimates for real FDI are from a panel regression for 21 emerging market and developing economies during 2009–17.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
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PDF page 51- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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Estimates for real FDI are from a panel regression for 21 emerging market and developing economies during 2009–17.
41. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 51
Narrow public claim
Each estimate can be interpreted as an “estimate times 100 percent” increase in services imports or real FDI position after a unit increase in the corresponding explanatory variable.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
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PDF page 51- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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Each estimate can be interpreted as an “estimate times 100 percent” increase in services imports or real FDI position after a unit increase in the corresponding explanatory variable.
42. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 55
Narrow public claim
Incentives to stimulate diffusion of green technologies should be embedded in a broader mix of fiscal climate-mitigation policies— combining carbon pricing with phasing out fossil fuel subsidies, building public infrastructure, strengthening procurement, and reducing bureaucracy (Box 2.3).
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
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PDF page 55- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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Incentives to stimulate diffusion of green technologies should be embedded in a broader mix of fiscal climate-mitigation policies— combining carbon pricing with phasing out fossil fuel subsidies, building public infrastructure, strengthening procurement, and reducing bureaucracy (Box 2.3).
43. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 55
Narrow public claim
The resulting gains in aggregate labor productivity and consumption are 2.7 and 3.4 percent, respectively.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
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PDF page 55- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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The resulting gains in aggregate labor productivity and consumption are 2.7 and 3.4 percent, respectively.
44. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 68
Narrow public claim
(possibly in the future, as in the case of climate change) that the former do not consider.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 68- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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(possibly in the future, as in the case of climate change) that the former do not consider.
45. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 79
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Economy Groupings The following groupings of economies are used in the Fiscal Monitor.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 79- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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Economy Groupings The following groupings of economies are used in the Fiscal Monitor.
46. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 86
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Projections are based on staff assessments of current policies (see “Fiscal Policy Assumptions” in text).
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
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PDF page 86- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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Projections are based on staff assessments of current policies (see “Fiscal Policy Assumptions” in text).
47. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 86
Narrow public claim
Data for the United States in this table may therefore differ from data published by the US Bureau of Economic Analysis.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
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PDF page 86- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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Data for the United States in this table may therefore differ from data published by the US Bureau of Economic Analysis.
48. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 88
Narrow public claim
Data for these economies include adjustments beyond the output cycle.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 88- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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Data for these economies include adjustments beyond the output cycle.
49. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 89
Narrow public claim
The data for these economies include adjustments beyond the output cycle.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
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PDF page 89- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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The data for these economies include adjustments beyond the output cycle.
50. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 92
Narrow public claim
The average does not include the debt incurred by the European Union and used to finance the grants portion of the NextGenerationEU package.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
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PDF page 92- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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The average does not include the debt incurred by the European Union and used to finance the grants portion of the NextGenerationEU package.
51. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 92
Narrow public claim
For cross-economy comparison, gross debt levels reported by national statistical agencies for economies that have adopted the 2008 System of National Accounts (Australia, Canada, Hong Kong SAR, United States) are adjusted to exclude unfunded pension liabilities of government employees’ defined-benefit pension plans.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 92- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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For cross-economy comparison, gross debt levels reported by national statistical agencies for economies that have adopted the 2008 System of National Accounts (Australia, Canada, Hong Kong SAR, United States) are adjusted to exclude unfunded pension liabilities of government employees’ defined-benefit pension plans.
52. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 93
Narrow public claim
For cross-economy comparison, net debt levels reported by national statistical agencies for economies that have adopted the 2008 System of National Accounts (Australia, Canada, Hong Kong SAR, United States) are adjusted to exclude unfunded pension liabilities of government employees’ defined-benefit pension plans.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 93- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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For cross-economy comparison, net debt levels reported by national statistical agencies for economies that have adopted the 2008 System of National Accounts (Australia, Canada, Hong Kong SAR, United States) are adjusted to exclude unfunded pension liabilities of government employees’ defined-benefit pension plans.
53. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 93
Narrow public claim
“Net debt” is defined as gross debt (Maastricht definition) minus assets in the form of currency and deposits, loans, and debt securities.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 93- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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“Net debt” is defined as gross debt (Maastricht definition) minus assets in the form of currency and deposits, loans, and debt securities.
54. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 93
Narrow public claim
6 “Net debt” for Ireland is defined as gross general debt minus debt instrument assets, namely, currency and deposits, debt securities, and loans.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 93- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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6 “Net debt” for Ireland is defined as gross general debt minus debt instrument assets, namely, currency and deposits, debt securities, and loans.
55. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 93
Narrow public claim
Net debt was previously defined as general government debt less currency and deposits.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 93- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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Net debt was previously defined as general government debt less currency and deposits.
56. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 94
Narrow public claim
China’s deficit and public debt numbers presented in this table cover a narrower perimeter of the general government than IMF staff’s estimates in China Article IV reports (see IMF 2024 for a reconciliation of the two estimates).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 94- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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China’s deficit and public debt numbers presented in this table cover a narrower perimeter of the general government than IMF staff’s estimates in China Article IV reports (see IMF 2024 for a reconciliation of the two estimates).
57. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 94
Narrow public claim
Data are for the nonfinancial public sector, which includes central government, local government, social security funds, nonfinancial public corporations, and Banco de Seguros del Estado.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 94- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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Data are for the nonfinancial public sector, which includes central government, local government, social security funds, nonfinancial public corporations, and Banco de Seguros del Estado.
58. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 94
Narrow public claim
With this narrower coverage, the central bank balances are not included in the fiscal data.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 94- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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With this narrower coverage, the central bank balances are not included in the fiscal data.
59. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 95
Narrow public claim
Interest revenue is proxied by IMF staff estimates of investment income.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 95- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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Interest revenue is proxied by IMF staff estimates of investment income.
60. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 95
Narrow public claim
The country team does not have the breakdown of investment income between interest revenue and dividends.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 95- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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The country team does not have the breakdown of investment income between interest revenue and dividends.
61. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 100
Narrow public claim
The average does not include the debt incurred by the European Union and used to finance the grants portion of the Next Generation EU (NGEU) package.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 100- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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The average does not include the debt incurred by the European Union and used to finance the grants portion of the Next Generation EU (NGEU) package.
62. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 106
Narrow public claim
From 2017 onward, Senegal data include the whole of the public sector, whereas before 2017, only central government debt stock was taken into account.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 106- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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From 2017 onward, Senegal data include the whole of the public sector, whereas before 2017, only central government debt stock was taken into account.
63. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 107
Narrow public claim
The overdrafts and government deposits at the Central Bank of Nigeria almost cancel each other out, and the Asset Management Corporation of Nigeria debt is roughly halved.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 107- Captured
- 2026-08-17
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The overdrafts and government deposits at the Central Bank of Nigeria almost cancel each other out, and the Asset Management Corporation of Nigeria debt is roughly halved.
64. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 114
Narrow public claim
September 2011, Chapter 5 The G-20 Economies: Crisis-Related Discretionary Fiscal Stimulus November 2010, Box 1.1 Update on Crisis-Related Discretionary Fiscal Stimulus in G-20 Economies May 2010, Appendix 1 The Impact of the Crisis on Subnational Governments May 2010, Appendix 4 VI.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year
- Section locator
PDF page 114- Captured
- 2026-08-17
- Source SHA-256
584aab438fb6762ef03740535611e559aee8d5661b3b8f6ae1740265ef3a87f6- Reproduction
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September 2011, Chapter 5 The G-20 Economies: Crisis-Related Discretionary Fiscal Stimulus November 2010, Box 1.1 Update on Crisis-Related Discretionary Fiscal Stimulus in G-20 Economies May 2010, Appendix 1 The Impact of the Crisis on Subnational Governments May 2010, Appendix 4 VI.
65. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 115
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November 2010, Appendix 2 Measures to Finance the Cost of Financial Sector Support May 2010, Box 3 IX.
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November 2010, Appendix 2 Measures to Finance the Cost of Financial Sector Support May 2010, Box 3 IX.
66. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 116
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Shedding Light on Contingent Liabilities April 2016, Box 1.3 Lowflation and Debt in the Euro Area October 2014, Box 1.1 Moment of Truth: Unfunded Pension Liabilities and Public Debt Statistics April 2014, Box 1.1 Public Debt Dynamics and Fiscal Adjustment in Low-Income Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa April 2013, Box 6 Debt Ratios Are Still on the Rise, but Peaks Are within Sight April 2012, Chapter 2 High Gross Debt Levels May Overstate Challenges in the Short Run . . .
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Shedding Light on Contingent Liabilities April 2016, Box 1.3 Lowflation and Debt in the Euro Area October 2014, Box 1.1 Moment of Truth: Unfunded Pension Liabilities and Public Debt Statistics April 2014, Box 1.1 Public Debt Dynamics and Fiscal Adjustment in Low-Income Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa April 2013, Box 6 Debt Ratios Are Still on the Rise, but Peaks Are within Sight April 2012, Chapter 2 High Gross Debt Levels May Overstate Challenges in the Short Run . . .
67. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 117
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November 2010, Appendix 2 Risks to Medium-Term Public Debt Trajectories; Methodological and Statistical Appendix November 2010, Appendix 4 Implications of Fiscal Developments for Government Debt Markets May 2010, Chapter 2 Debt Dynamics in G-20 Economies: An Update May 2010, Box 1 Gross versus Net Debt May 2010, Box 2 Fiscal Adjustment Requirements: Gross and Net Debt Targets May 2010, Appendix 2 Government Debt and Growth May 2010, Appendix 3 XIII.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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November 2010, Appendix 2 Risks to Medium-Term Public Debt Trajectories; Methodological and Statistical Appendix November 2010, Appendix 4 Implications of Fiscal Developments for Government Debt Markets May 2010, Chapter 2 Debt Dynamics in G-20 Economies: An Update May 2010, Box 1 Gross versus Net Debt May 2010, Box 2 Fiscal Adjustment Requirements: Gross and Net Debt Targets May 2010, Appendix 2 Government Debt and Growth May 2010, Appendix 3 XIII.
68. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 117
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April 2019, Box 1.2 Tackling Inequality October 2017, Chapter 1 A Greater Role for Fiscal Policy April 2017, Chapter 1 Upgrading the Tax System to Boost Productivity April 2017, Chapter 2 Making Growth More Inclusive in China April 2017, Box 1.3 Taxation and Growth: Details Matter October 2013, Box 4 Debt Dynamics and the Interest Rate–Growth Differential April 2011, Box 3.1 Interest Rate–Growth Differential November 2010, Appendix 1 Government Debt and Growth May 2010, Appendix 3 XIV.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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April 2019, Box 1.2 Tackling Inequality October 2017, Chapter 1 A Greater Role for Fiscal Policy April 2017, Chapter 1 Upgrading the Tax System to Boost Productivity April 2017, Chapter 2 Making Growth More Inclusive in China April 2017, Box 1.3 Taxation and Growth: Details Matter October 2013, Box 4 Debt Dynamics and the Interest Rate–Growth Differential April 2011, Box 3.1 Interest Rate–Growth Differential November 2010, Appendix 1 Government Debt and Growth May 2010, Appendix 3 XIV.
69. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 119
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September 2011, Appendix 1 Fiscal Aspects of EU Economic Governance Reforms April 2011, Box 4.1 Fiscal Transparency under Pressure April 2011, Appendix 2 The European Union: Reforming Fiscal Governance November 2010, Box 3.2 Fiscal Rules—Recent Developments May 2010, Box 7 XIX.
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PDF page 119- Captured
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September 2011, Appendix 1 Fiscal Aspects of EU Economic Governance Reforms April 2011, Box 4.1 Fiscal Transparency under Pressure April 2011, Appendix 2 The European Union: Reforming Fiscal Governance November 2010, Box 3.2 Fiscal Rules—Recent Developments May 2010, Box 7 XIX.
70. IMF Fiscal Monitor, April 2024: Fiscal Policy in the Great Election Year · PDF page 120
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Private Debt Private Debt and Public Sector Risk October 2020, Box 1.1 Private Debt and Its Discontents April 2018, Box 1.1 Debt: Use It Wisely October 2016, Chapter 1 Debt Data Set October 2016, Annex 1.1 Private and Public Debt and the Pace of Recovery October 2016, Annex 1.2 Interlinkages between Public and Private Debt: Selected Summary of the Literature October 2016, Annex 1.3 Private Deleveraging and the Role of Fiscal Policy October 2016, Annex 1.4 Policies during Deleveraging Episodes October 2016, Annex 1.5 Benefits of Targeted Fiscal Intervention during Times of Private Deleveraging October 2016, Box 1.4 XXI.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-08-17, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 120- Captured
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Private Debt Private Debt and Public Sector Risk October 2020, Box 1.1 Private Debt and Its Discontents April 2018, Box 1.1 Debt: Use It Wisely October 2016, Chapter 1 Debt Data Set October 2016, Annex 1.1 Private and Public Debt and the Pace of Recovery October 2016, Annex 1.2 Interlinkages between Public and Private Debt: Selected Summary of the Literature October 2016, Annex 1.3 Private Deleveraging and the Role of Fiscal Policy October 2016, Annex 1.4 Policies during Deleveraging Episodes October 2016, Annex 1.5 Benefits of Targeted Fiscal Intervention during Times of Private Deleveraging October 2016, Box 1.4 XXI.