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1. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 20
Narrow public claim
Educational attainment remains high, but unequal opportunities persist With 48% of young adults holding a tertiary qualification across the OECD countries, educational attainment is higher than ever.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education)
- Section locator
PDF page 20- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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53df3e6ad1c284cbbc914065cf286d8479e1b9134b0a94497c390ed47a983d06- Reproduction
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Educational attainment remains high, but unequal opportunities persist With 48% of young adults holding a tertiary qualification across the OECD countries, educational attainment is higher than ever.
2. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 20
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On average across the OECD, only 26% of young adults whose parents did not complete upper secondary education hold a tertiary qualification, compared to 70% of young adults with at least one tertiary educated parent.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education)
- Section locator
PDF page 20- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
53df3e6ad1c284cbbc914065cf286d8479e1b9134b0a94497c390ed47a983d06- Reproduction
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On average across the OECD, only 26% of young adults whose parents did not complete upper secondary education hold a tertiary qualification, compared to 70% of young adults with at least one tertiary educated parent.
3. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 21
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Newly collected data from over 30 OECD and partner countries show that only 43% of new entrants to bachelor’s programmes graduate within the expected programme duration; this rises to 59% after an additional year and 70% after three additional years.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education)
- Section locator
PDF page 21- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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53df3e6ad1c284cbbc914065cf286d8479e1b9134b0a94497c390ed47a983d06- Reproduction
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Newly collected data from over 30 OECD and partner countries show that only 43% of new entrants to bachelor’s programmes graduate within the expected programme duration; this rises to 59% after an additional year and 70% after three additional years.
4. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 21
Narrow public claim
Completion rates are particularly low among men, with only 63% completing a bachelor’s degree within three years beyond the expected end date, compared to 75% of women.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education)
- Section locator
PDF page 21- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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53df3e6ad1c284cbbc914065cf286d8479e1b9134b0a94497c390ed47a983d06- Reproduction
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Completion rates are particularly low among men, with only 63% completing a bachelor’s degree within three years beyond the expected end date, compared to 75% of women.
5. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 22
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Sixteen out of 28 countries and economies with available data offer dedicated alternative pathways for individuals changing careers.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education)
- Section locator
PDF page 22- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
53df3e6ad1c284cbbc914065cf286d8479e1b9134b0a94497c390ed47a983d06- Reproduction
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Sixteen out of 28 countries and economies with available data offer dedicated alternative pathways for individuals changing careers.
6. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 25
Narrow public claim
This chapter uses data from both Cycle 1 (2012-15) and Cycle 2 (2023) of the Survey of Adult Skills to provide a cross-national and longitudinal perspective on adult proficiency, particularly in literacy.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education)
- Section locator
PDF page 25- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
53df3e6ad1c284cbbc914065cf286d8479e1b9134b0a94497c390ed47a983d06- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
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This chapter uses data from both Cycle 1 (2012-15) and Cycle 2 (2023) of the Survey of Adult Skills to provide a cross-national and longitudinal perspective on adult proficiency, particularly in literacy.
7. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 25
Narrow public claim
Among foreign-born adults of foreign-born parents, those who speak the language of the host country at home scored on average 247 points in literacy proficiency (a 19 point gap compared to native-born adults) while those who do not scored 229 points (a 38 point gap).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education)
- Section locator
PDF page 25- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
53df3e6ad1c284cbbc914065cf286d8479e1b9134b0a94497c390ed47a983d06- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
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Among foreign-born adults of foreign-born parents, those who speak the language of the host country at home scored on average 247 points in literacy proficiency (a 19 point gap compared to native-born adults) while those who do not scored 229 points (a 38 point gap).
8. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 26
Narrow public claim
Comparisons between Cycle 1 (2012-15) and Cycle 2 (2023) of the Survey of Adult Skills show that gaps in proficiency have persisted or even widened in several countries, particularly across socio-economic and generational lines.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education)
- Section locator
PDF page 26- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
53df3e6ad1c284cbbc914065cf286d8479e1b9134b0a94497c390ed47a983d06- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
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Comparisons between Cycle 1 (2012-15) and Cycle 2 (2023) of the Survey of Adult Skills show that gaps in proficiency have persisted or even widened in several countries, particularly across socio-economic and generational lines.
9. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 27
Narrow public claim
For instance, if someone scores 240 points in literacy and 260 points in numeracy, it would be incorrect to conclude that they are “better at numeracy than at literacy” or that they possess greater numeracy skills than literacy ones (OECD, 2025[2]).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education)
- Section locator
PDF page 27- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
53df3e6ad1c284cbbc914065cf286d8479e1b9134b0a94497c390ed47a983d06- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
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For instance, if someone scores 240 points in literacy and 260 points in numeracy, it would be incorrect to conclude that they are “better at numeracy than at literacy” or that they possess greater numeracy skills than literacy ones (OECD, 2025[2]).
10. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 27
Narrow public claim
Numeracy proficiency is strongly linked to employment, earnings and job quality across countries and population groups, even after adjusting for educational attainment (OECD, 2024[1]).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education)
- Section locator
PDF page 27- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
53df3e6ad1c284cbbc914065cf286d8479e1b9134b0a94497c390ed47a983d06- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
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python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom087_t01_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
Numeracy proficiency is strongly linked to employment, earnings and job quality across countries and population groups, even after adjusting for educational attainment (OECD, 2024[1]).
11. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 28
Narrow public claim
Six proficiency levels are defined for literacy and numeracy (Levels 1 through 5 plus below Level 1) and five for problem solving in technology-rich environments (Levels 1 through 4 plus below Level 1).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education)
- Section locator
PDF page 28- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
53df3e6ad1c284cbbc914065cf286d8479e1b9134b0a94497c390ed47a983d06- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
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Six proficiency levels are defined for literacy and numeracy (Levels 1 through 5 plus below Level 1) and five for problem solving in technology-rich environments (Levels 1 through 4 plus below Level 1).
12. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 29
Narrow public claim
Similarly to literacy, Finland and Japan report the highest numeracy scores, averaging at or above 290 points, and a majority of their adult populations score at or above Level 3.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education)
- Section locator
PDF page 29- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
53df3e6ad1c284cbbc914065cf286d8479e1b9134b0a94497c390ed47a983d06- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
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Similarly to literacy, Finland and Japan report the highest numeracy scores, averaging at or above 290 points, and a majority of their adult populations score at or above Level 3.
13. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 30
Narrow public claim
The share of those scoring at or above Level 3 is 60% among tertiary-educated adults, but only 12% among those with below upper secondary attainment.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education)
- Section locator
PDF page 30- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
53df3e6ad1c284cbbc914065cf286d8479e1b9134b0a94497c390ed47a983d06- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
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The share of those scoring at or above Level 3 is 60% among tertiary-educated adults, but only 12% among those with below upper secondary attainment.
14. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 30
Narrow public claim
In contrast, countries such as Chile, Switzerland and the United States have much lower literacy scores among adults with below upper secondary education and over 70% of low-educated adults at or below Level 1.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education)
- Section locator
PDF page 30- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
53df3e6ad1c284cbbc914065cf286d8479e1b9134b0a94497c390ed47a983d06- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom087_t02_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
In contrast, countries such as Chile, Switzerland and the United States have much lower literacy scores among adults with below upper secondary education and over 70% of low-educated adults at or below Level 1.
15. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 31
Narrow public claim
This is true across different levels of educational attainment, with young adults (25-34 year-olds) scoring on average 15 points higher than older adults (45-54 year-olds).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education)
- Section locator
PDF page 31- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
53df3e6ad1c284cbbc914065cf286d8479e1b9134b0a94497c390ed47a983d06- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom087_t02_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
This is true across different levels of educational attainment, with young adults (25-34 year-olds) scoring on average 15 points higher than older adults (45-54 year-olds).
16. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 31
Narrow public claim
In Germany and Switzerland, the gap is over 99 score points between young adults with tertiary education and those with below upper secondary education, showing pronounced inequalities in proficiency outcomes linked to educational background.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education)
- Section locator
PDF page 31- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
53df3e6ad1c284cbbc914065cf286d8479e1b9134b0a94497c390ed47a983d06- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom087_t02_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
In Germany and Switzerland, the gap is over 99 score points between young adults with tertiary education and those with below upper secondary education, showing pronounced inequalities in proficiency outcomes linked to educational background.
17. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 32
Narrow public claim
Gender differences in literacy skills Gender differences in proficiency are generally small across OECD countries (OECD, 2024[1]).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education)
- Section locator
PDF page 32- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
53df3e6ad1c284cbbc914065cf286d8479e1b9134b0a94497c390ed47a983d06- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom087_t02_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
Gender differences in literacy skills Gender differences in proficiency are generally small across OECD countries (OECD, 2024[1]).
18. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 32
Narrow public claim
The largest education-related proficiency gaps are observed in Germany, Switzerland and the United States, where differences exceed 106 points for men and 97 points for women.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education)
- Section locator
PDF page 32- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
53df3e6ad1c284cbbc914065cf286d8479e1b9134b0a94497c390ed47a983d06- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom087_t02_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
The largest education-related proficiency gaps are observed in Germany, Switzerland and the United States, where differences exceed 106 points for men and 97 points for women.
19. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 34
Narrow public claim
The decline in literacy proficiency is most pronounced among those with below upper secondary education, where proficiency scores fell by an average of 17 points for younger adults and 20 points for older adults.
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education)
- Section locator
PDF page 34- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
53df3e6ad1c284cbbc914065cf286d8479e1b9134b0a94497c390ed47a983d06- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
Download the PDF to a local file, then run the committed verifier. A changed PDF is reported as drift rather than silently accepted.
python scripts/verify_primary_public_claim_group.py artifacts/cb7k_dom087_t02_primary_claims.json --source-file <local-raw-pdf>Exact source quote
The decline in literacy proficiency is most pronounced among those with below upper secondary education, where proficiency scores fell by an average of 17 points for younger adults and 20 points for older adults.
20. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 34
Narrow public claim
These findings confirm the general pattern of skill attrition with age, which may reflect both natural cognitive decline and reduced opportunities for skill use (OECD, 2019[5]).
What this card proves
The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
What this card does not prove
It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
- Primary source
- OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education)
- Section locator
PDF page 34- Captured
- 2026-09-07
- Source SHA-256
53df3e6ad1c284cbbc914065cf286d8479e1b9134b0a94497c390ed47a983d06- Reproduction
- Maintainer run only; no independent operator rerun is registered.
Repeat this exact check locally
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These findings confirm the general pattern of skill attrition with age, which may reflect both natural cognitive decline and reduced opportunities for skill use (OECD, 2019[5]).
21. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 35
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Although about one-third of the items used in Cycle 2 were trend items used in Cycle 1, the same score does not have exactly the same meaning in both cycles.
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Although about one-third of the items used in Cycle 2 were trend items used in Cycle 1, the same score does not have exactly the same meaning in both cycles.
22. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 35
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Doorstep interviews In Cycle 2, respondents who could not complete the background questionnaire due to language barriers were administered a short, self-completed doorstep interview available in over 40 languages.
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Doorstep interviews In Cycle 2, respondents who could not complete the background questionnaire due to language barriers were administered a short, self-completed doorstep interview available in over 40 languages.
23. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 36
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On average across participating OECD countries and economies, native-born adults with native-born parents averaged 266 score points in literacy, while foreign-born adults with foreign-born parents score averaged 247 points if they speak the host country language at home (a 19 point gap) and 229 points if they do not (a 38 point gap).
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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On average across participating OECD countries and economies, native-born adults with native-born parents averaged 266 score points in literacy, while foreign-born adults with foreign-born parents score averaged 247 points if they speak the host country language at home (a 19 point gap) and 229 points if they do not (a 38 point gap).
24. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 38
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Numeracy Proficiency Levels Below Level 1: Tasks at this level require the respondent to carry out simple processes such as counting, sorting, performing basic arithmetic operations with whole numbers or understanding simple percentages, such as 50%.
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Numeracy Proficiency Levels Below Level 1: Tasks at this level require the respondent to carry out simple processes such as counting, sorting, performing basic arithmetic operations with whole numbers or understanding simple percentages, such as 50%.
25. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 40
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While only one round of the second cycle has been conducted so far (in 2022/23), the first cycle was carried out in three rounds: Round 1 in 2011/12, Round 2 in 2014/15 and Round 3 in 2017.
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While only one round of the second cycle has been conducted so far (in 2022/23), the first cycle was carried out in three rounds: Round 1 in 2011/12, Round 2 in 2014/15 and Round 3 in 2017.
26. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 40
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The international report of the 2023 Survey of Adult Skills analyses skills more comprehensively also focusing on a larger age range covering the population aged 16-65, while this Chapter mainly refers to adults aged 25 to 64.
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The international report of the 2023 Survey of Adult Skills analyses skills more comprehensively also focusing on a larger age range covering the population aged 16-65, while this Chapter mainly refers to adults aged 25 to 64.
27. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 43
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Columns showing data for 35-44 and 55-64 year-olds, and for all levels of education are available for consultation on line.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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Columns showing data for 35-44 and 55-64 year-olds, and for all levels of education are available for consultation on line.
28. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 43
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Columns showing data for 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 year-olds, and for all levels of education are available for consultation on line.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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Columns showing data for 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64 year-olds, and for all levels of education are available for consultation on line.
29. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 50
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Across OECD and partner countries, the rate is especially high in Costa Rica, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Peru and South Africa where more than one in three 25-34 year-olds have not attained upper secondary education.
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Across OECD and partner countries, the rate is especially high in Costa Rica, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Peru and South Africa where more than one in three 25-34 year-olds have not attained upper secondary education.
30. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 50
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Across OECD countries, 25-34 year-olds whose parents have a tertiary qualification are significantly more likely to obtain a tertiary degree themselves (70%) than those whose parents did not complete upper secondary education (26%).
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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Across OECD countries, 25-34 year-olds whose parents have a tertiary qualification are significantly more likely to obtain a tertiary degree themselves (70%) than those whose parents did not complete upper secondary education (26%).
31. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 51
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Among 25-34 year-olds whose parents attained upper secondary education, 44% have attained tertiary education on average across OECD countries, while just 8% did not complete upper secondary.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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Among 25-34 year-olds whose parents attained upper secondary education, 44% have attained tertiary education on average across OECD countries, while just 8% did not complete upper secondary.
32. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 51
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Across the OECD on average, 26% of tertiary-educated adults had studied science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM), the most prevalent field of study.
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Across the OECD on average, 26% of tertiary-educated adults had studied science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM), the most prevalent field of study.
33. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 52
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Box A1.1 explores how linguistic accessibility in national LFS affects data coverage, highlighting why this aspect is important when interpreting attainment data for policymaking.
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Box A1.1 explores how linguistic accessibility in national LFS affects data coverage, highlighting why this aspect is important when interpreting attainment data for policymaking.
34. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 52
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This is followed by master’s attainment, with around 35% of tertiary-educated adults holding this degree as their highest qualification.
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This is followed by master’s attainment, with around 35% of tertiary-educated adults holding this degree as their highest qualification.
35. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 53
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Breaking down tertiary attainment by field of study shows the variation across OECD countries, with some fields being more popular than others (Figure A1.3).
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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Breaking down tertiary attainment by field of study shows the variation across OECD countries, with some fields being more popular than others (Figure A1.3).
36. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 54
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On average across OECD countries, 40% of adults (25-64 year-olds) have an upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary qualification as their highest level of education.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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On average across OECD countries, 40% of adults (25-64 year-olds) have an upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary qualification as their highest level of education.
37. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 55
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On average across the OECD, this share has slightly fallen, from 40% in 2019 to 39% in 2024, as younger adults are more likely to pursue tertiary education than they were a decade ago.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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On average across the OECD, this share has slightly fallen, from 40% in 2019 to 39% in 2024, as younger adults are more likely to pursue tertiary education than they were a decade ago.
38. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 55
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This is a reversal of the pattern for tertiary attainment, where the average difference between the share of 25-34 year-old women and men with tertiary attainment is 13 percentage points in favour of women.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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This is a reversal of the pattern for tertiary attainment, where the average difference between the share of 25-34 year-old women and men with tertiary attainment is 13 percentage points in favour of women.
39. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 56
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In Education at a Glance, LFS data are used extensively in Chapter A1 (on educational attainment), Chapter A2 (on the transition from school to work), Chapter A3 (on labour-market outcomes) and occasionally in other chapters such as A5 (on adult education).
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In Education at a Glance, LFS data are used extensively in Chapter A1 (on educational attainment), Chapter A2 (on the transition from school to work), Chapter A3 (on labour-market outcomes) and occasionally in other chapters such as A5 (on adult education).
40. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 57
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In contrast, rural areas generally have a less-skilled workforce with lower levels of educational attainment (OECD, 2023[6]).
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In contrast, rural areas generally have a less-skilled workforce with lower levels of educational attainment (OECD, 2023[6]).
41. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 57
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Capital regions and large metropolitan regions also have more infrastructure (OECD, 2023[6]), and larger educational institutions are typically concentrated in major economic and capital regions (Hermannsson, Scandurra and Graziano, 2019[7]).
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Capital regions and large metropolitan regions also have more infrastructure (OECD, 2023[6]), and larger educational institutions are typically concentrated in major economic and capital regions (Hermannsson, Scandurra and Graziano, 2019[7]).
42. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 58
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The most significant regional disparities are found in Canada and Hungary, where the difference between the highest and lowest performing regions reaches 38 percentage points.
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The most significant regional disparities are found in Canada and Hungary, where the difference between the highest and lowest performing regions reaches 38 percentage points.
43. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 58
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These disparities reflect deep-rooted urban-rural divides and suggest the continuing need for region-specific educational policies and enhanced social support systems, particularly in remote communities (Table A1.5, available on line).
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These disparities reflect deep-rooted urban-rural divides and suggest the continuing need for region-specific educational policies and enhanced social support systems, particularly in remote communities (Table A1.5, available on line).
44. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 59
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In the Slovak Republic, 55% of young adults whose parents lacked upper secondary education also remain below that threshold, while this share is 48% in both Hungary and Spain (Table A1.4, available on line).
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In the Slovak Republic, 55% of young adults whose parents lacked upper secondary education also remain below that threshold, while this share is 48% in both Hungary and Spain (Table A1.4, available on line).
45. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 59
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Similar progress has been observed in England and the Flemish Community of Belgium, where tertiary attainment among this group has increased by 12 percentage points.
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Similar progress has been observed in England and the Flemish Community of Belgium, where tertiary attainment among this group has increased by 12 percentage points.
46. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 60
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Despite the general expansion of tertiary attainment across OECD countries, nearly 30% of young adults with tertiary-educated parents do not reach tertiary attainment themselves, most often completing only upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education.
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Despite the general expansion of tertiary attainment across OECD countries, nearly 30% of young adults with tertiary-educated parents do not reach tertiary attainment themselves, most often completing only upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education.
47. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 60
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In Sweden, for example, over half (51%) of young adults with tertiary-educated parents do not attain tertiary education themselves; combined with high levels of tertiary attainment among those with less educated parents, this suggests that tertiary educational attainment is influenced by parents’ education to a smaller extent (Figure A1.4).
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In Sweden, for example, over half (51%) of young adults with tertiary-educated parents do not attain tertiary education themselves; combined with high levels of tertiary attainment among those with less educated parents, this suggests that tertiary educational attainment is influenced by parents’ education to a smaller extent (Figure A1.4).
48. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 68
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This is nearly twice the share observed among 25–29 year-olds (10%), highlighting that younger adults are more likely to combine education with employment.
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This is nearly twice the share observed among 25–29 year-olds (10%), highlighting that younger adults are more likely to combine education with employment.
49. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 68
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Among the 17 countries where rates now exceed their pre-pandemic benchmarks, 6 have seen increases of more than 2 percentage points.
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Among the 17 countries where rates now exceed their pre-pandemic benchmarks, 6 have seen increases of more than 2 percentage points.
50. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 69
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On average, 14 % of 18-24 year-olds are NEET across OECD countries, but the share exceeds 25% in Colombia, the Republic of Türkiye and OECD partner country South Africa.
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On average, 14 % of 18-24 year-olds are NEET across OECD countries, but the share exceeds 25% in Colombia, the Republic of Türkiye and OECD partner country South Africa.
51. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 69
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Although average employment and NEET rates among 18-24 year-olds have remained virtually unchanged between 2019 and 2024, several countries have seen large differences within the overall figures.
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Although average employment and NEET rates among 18-24 year-olds have remained virtually unchanged between 2019 and 2024, several countries have seen large differences within the overall figures.
52. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 70
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Analysis Transition from education to work for 18-24 year-olds Individuals aged 18-24 are generally engaged in either education or employment, as this age range often coincides with participation in upper secondary or tertiary education, as well as initial entry into the labour market.
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Analysis Transition from education to work for 18-24 year-olds Individuals aged 18-24 are generally engaged in either education or employment, as this age range often coincides with participation in upper secondary or tertiary education, as well as initial entry into the labour market.
53. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 70
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Despite this, a share of young people in this age group are neither in education nor employment and are classified as NEETs, suggesting that they may face underlying barriers to labour-market entry or continued education (Table A2.1.).
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Despite this, a share of young people in this age group are neither in education nor employment and are classified as NEETs, suggesting that they may face underlying barriers to labour-market entry or continued education (Table A2.1.).
54. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 71
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Youth who become NEET repeatedly or for sustained periods face significantly greater long-term consequences than those whose NEET episodes are brief (Kleif, 2020[5]).
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Youth who become NEET repeatedly or for sustained periods face significantly greater long-term consequences than those whose NEET episodes are brief (Kleif, 2020[5]).
55. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 71
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These examples reflect how underlying gender and country specific trends can diverge substantially from aggregate figures (Table A2.2).
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These examples reflect how underlying gender and country specific trends can diverge substantially from aggregate figures (Table A2.2).
56. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 72
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Employers may view youth who have been briefly unemployed more favourably – valuing their immediate availability – an advantage which vanishes for those experiencing extended joblessness, once again underscoring the powerful effect of longer spells of unemployment (Wachter, 2020[9]).
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Employers may view youth who have been briefly unemployed more favourably – valuing their immediate availability – an advantage which vanishes for those experiencing extended joblessness, once again underscoring the powerful effect of longer spells of unemployment (Wachter, 2020[9]).
57. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 72
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Those pursuing tertiary education may still be completing a bachelor's or master's degree at the age of 24, while others are starting their professional careers.
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Those pursuing tertiary education may still be completing a bachelor's or master's degree at the age of 24, while others are starting their professional careers.
58. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 73
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Across OECD countries, almost one-fifth of 18-24 year-olds (19%) are combining education and employment, compared with 10% of 25-29 year-olds.
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Across OECD countries, almost one-fifth of 18-24 year-olds (19%) are combining education and employment, compared with 10% of 25-29 year-olds.
59. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 73
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For instance, high rates of study and work among 25-29 year-olds in Finland may be driven by the expansion of apprenticeship and training models and stronger support for working learners (Eurydice, 2025[10]).
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For instance, high rates of study and work among 25-29 year-olds in Finland may be driven by the expansion of apprenticeship and training models and stronger support for working learners (Eurydice, 2025[10]).
60. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 74
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Subnational variation in NEET rates Within OECD countries, the share of 18-24 year olds who are neither in employment nor in education or training (NEET) can vary dramatically from one region to another.
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- OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education)
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- 2026-09-07
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53df3e6ad1c284cbbc914065cf286d8479e1b9134b0a94497c390ed47a983d06- Reproduction
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Subnational variation in NEET rates Within OECD countries, the share of 18-24 year olds who are neither in employment nor in education or training (NEET) can vary dramatically from one region to another.
61. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 74
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In Canada, British Columbia reports a NEET rate of 9%, while Nunavut records 41% (a 32 percentage-point difference), signalling the need for region-specific labour-market strategies and social support in remote communities.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education)
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PDF page 74- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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In Canada, British Columbia reports a NEET rate of 9%, while Nunavut records 41% (a 32 percentage-point difference), signalling the need for region-specific labour-market strategies and social support in remote communities.
62. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 78
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Columns with data for 18-24 year-olds, and for duration of unemployment of less than 12 months are available for consultation on line.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education)
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PDF page 78- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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53df3e6ad1c284cbbc914065cf286d8479e1b9134b0a94497c390ed47a983d06- Reproduction
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Columns with data for 18-24 year-olds, and for duration of unemployment of less than 12 months are available for consultation on line.
63. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 82
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Individuals with a short-cycle tertiary qualification have an employment rate of 83%, compared to 86% for those with a bachelor's degree, 90% for those with a master’s and 93% for those with a doctoral or equivalent qualification.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education)
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PDF page 82- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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Individuals with a short-cycle tertiary qualification have an employment rate of 83%, compared to 86% for those with a bachelor's degree, 90% for those with a master’s and 93% for those with a doctoral or equivalent qualification.
64. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 82
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Among unemployed adults aged 25-64, long-term unemployment is more prevalent among those with lower educational attainment: 36% of those with below upper secondary education have been unemployed for 12 months or more, compared to 30% with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education, and 25% with tertiary education.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
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- OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education)
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PDF page 82- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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Among unemployed adults aged 25-64, long-term unemployment is more prevalent among those with lower educational attainment: 36% of those with below upper secondary education have been unemployed for 12 months or more, compared to 30% with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education, and 25% with tertiary education.
65. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 83
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On average across OECD countries, only 46% of 25-34 year-old women with below upper secondary attainment are employed, 25 percentage points below their male peers.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education)
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PDF page 83- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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On average across OECD countries, only 46% of 25-34 year-old women with below upper secondary attainment are employed, 25 percentage points below their male peers.
66. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 83
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Among tertiary-educated adults, those who studied ICT have the highest average employment rate (90%) across the OECD, while the lowest rates are found among those who studied arts and humanities, social sciences, journalism and information (84%).
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education)
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PDF page 83- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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53df3e6ad1c284cbbc914065cf286d8479e1b9134b0a94497c390ed47a983d06- Reproduction
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Among tertiary-educated adults, those who studied ICT have the highest average employment rate (90%) across the OECD, while the lowest rates are found among those who studied arts and humanities, social sciences, journalism and information (84%).
67. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 84
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The highest employment premiums for tertiary-educated adults over those with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education are in Lithuania and Poland, where the difference between employment rates is 16 percentage points in both countries.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education)
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PDF page 84- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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53df3e6ad1c284cbbc914065cf286d8479e1b9134b0a94497c390ed47a983d06- Reproduction
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The highest employment premiums for tertiary-educated adults over those with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education are in Lithuania and Poland, where the difference between employment rates is 16 percentage points in both countries.
68. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 84
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Conversely, in Czechia and Iceland, the average employment premium for tertiary-educated adults is 4 percentage points or less over those with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education (Table A3.1).
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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PDF page 84- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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Conversely, in Czechia and Iceland, the average employment premium for tertiary-educated adults is 4 percentage points or less over those with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education (Table A3.1).
69. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 85
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Young women (25-34 year-olds) with an upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary qualification have an employment rate that is 24 percentage points higher than those with below upper secondary attainment, compared to a 14 percentage points increase among young men.
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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- OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education)
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PDF page 85- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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53df3e6ad1c284cbbc914065cf286d8479e1b9134b0a94497c390ed47a983d06- Reproduction
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Young women (25-34 year-olds) with an upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary qualification have an employment rate that is 24 percentage points higher than those with below upper secondary attainment, compared to a 14 percentage points increase among young men.
70. OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education) · PDF page 85
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The advantage for young women of attaining tertiary education is even more pronounced: their employment rate rises by a further 13 percentage points compared to those with only upper secondary attainment whereas for young men the increase is only 5 percentage points (Table A3.2).
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The exact quoted statement occurred in the named official PDF fetched on 2026-09-07, and the complete PDF matched the recorded SHA-256.
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It does not independently establish the underlying model capability, safety, comparison, or real-world truth. This is a retrospective single-maintainer source-publication audit.
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- OECD Education at a Glance 2025: OECD Indicators (special focus on tertiary education)
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PDF page 85- Captured
- 2026-09-07
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53df3e6ad1c284cbbc914065cf286d8479e1b9134b0a94497c390ed47a983d06- Reproduction
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The advantage for young women of attaining tertiary education is even more pronounced: their employment rate rises by a further 13 percentage points compared to those with only upper secondary attainment whereas for young men the increase is only 5 percentage points (Table A3.2).